Learning Theories- "A theory is an explanation that has been scientifically developed by scientists and scholars using state-of-the-art research methods and information of the day. A theory of learning aims to help us to understand how people learn." (Harasim. 2012. p.4)
Jessica Warrenにより
1. Constructivism states that learning is an active process where people construct knowledge, rather than simply acquiring it, by building their own thoughts and understandings from experiences and reflections on those experiences.
1.1. Lev Vygotsky-Vygotsky's social development theory
1.2. Jean Piaget-founder of Constructivism. Theory of constructivist learning.
1.3. Maria Montessori-Montessori education
1.4. Edward Harkness-Harkness discussion method
1.5. Jerome Bruner-Scaffolding
2. Behavorism focuses on how people behave as a response to their environment and experiences.
2.1. John B. Watson-Father of behaviorism
2.2. Ivan Pavlov-Classical conditioning
2.3. Edward Thorndike-Law of effect principle.
2.4. B.F. Skinner- Operant Conditioning
2.5. Edward Tolman-purposive behaviorism
3. Cognitivism focuses on thought processes and believes that behavior is a reflection of those thoughts, not just a response to the environment.
3.1. Jean Piaget-Cognitive-stage theory
3.2. Donald Broadbent-author of Perception and Communication
3.3. Ulric Neisser-referred to as "father of cognitive psychology"
3.4. Noam Chomsky-initiated cognitive revolution
3.5. Wilhelm Wundt-study of perceptual processes
