Chapter Three: The Organic Molecules of Life: Noelle Bell
Noelle Bellにより
1. Biological Molecule
1.1. Four main categories:
1.2. Carbohydrates: Short term energy source.
1.3. Lipids: Long term energy source.
1.4. Protein: Involved in all functions of the body.
1.5. Nucleic Acids
2. Functional Group
2.1. A specific group of atoms that always react the same way, and have the same chemical properties.
3. Hydrophobic cells
3.1. not soluble in water
4. Hydrophilic cells
4.1. soluble in water
5. monosaccharides
5.1. simple sugars, carbohydrates.
6. glucose
6.1. has a major role in energy reactions in cells, carbohydrates
7. Ribose and Deoxyribose
7.1. found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA
8. disaccharide
8.1. contains two monosaccharides bonded by a dehydration synthesis reaction
9. starch
9.1. plants store glucose as starch
10. glycogen
10.1. animals store glucose as glycogen.
11. Chitin
11.1. polymer of glucose molecules
12. Fats and Oils
12.1. types of lipids
13. Glycerol and Fatty Acids
13.1. subnit molecules of fats and oils
14. triglycerides
14.1. a structure that can pack a lot of energy into a molecule
15. unsaturated fatty acids
15.1. have double bonds in the carbon chain
16. saturated fatty acids
16.1. have no double bonds
17. trans fat
17.1. formed during the process of foods
18. phospholipids
18.1. phosphate functional group
19. steroids
19.1. lipids that have a unique carbon skeleton.
20. cholesterol
20.1. component of animal cells plasma membrane.
21. enzymes
21.1. a protein that speeds reactions in cells
22. amino acids
22.1. protein made up of an amino group and an acid group
23. peptides
23.1. two or more amino acids joined by covalent bonding
24. peptide bond
24.1. type of covalent bond
25. polypeptide
25.1. a chain of many amino acids joined by peptide bonds
26. denatured
26.1. a protein that has been broken down or inactivated.
27. Organic Molecules
27.1. contains atoms of carbon and hydrogen
27.2. make up portions of cells, tissues, and organs
28. Carbon Atom
28.1. can bond with up to four different elements
29. Isomers
29.1. Molecules with different structures, but same composition of atoms
30. Monomer
30.1. A small molecule that is a subunit of a polymer.
31. Polymer
31.1. Contains covalently bonded monomers
32. Dehydration Synthesis Reaction
32.1. Water molecule is removed during the reaction.
33. Hydrolysis reaction
33.1. water molecules are added, breaking the bonds between molecules.
34. polysaccharides
34.1. polymers of monosaccharides.
35. cellulose
35.1. one of the most abundant carbohydrates.
36. DNA
36.1. nucleic acid polymer made of deoxyribose
37. RNA
37.1. nucleic acid made of ribose
38. nucleotide
38.1. nucleic acids are polymer while their monomer is the nucleotide