1. Nativism Resurges
1.1. 1920s - economic growth, cultural turmoil
1.1.1. Economic recession, immigration, and cultural tension... caused an atmosphere of disillusionment and intolerance.
1.1.2. Fear and prejudice against Germans and communists
1.1.2.1. Triggered more racism and nativism.
1.1.2.1.1. Nativism... belief ones homeland needs to be protected against immigrants.
1.1.2.1.2. During WWI immigration to US dropped. Came back in 1921.
1.1.2.1.3. Americans blamed bombing, strikes, and recession of psotwar year on immigrants.
1.1.2.1.4. Return of the Ku Kluz Klan (KKK)
1.1.2.1.5. Controlling Immigration
1.1.2.1.6. Hispanic Immigration
2. A Clash of Cultures
2.1. Many who wanted to restrict immigration also wanted "Traditional Values." Young people challenged culture and changed society for women.
2.1.1. Women in the 1920s
2.1.1.1. After getting the right to vote in 1920... many wanted to make new gender roles.
2.1.1.2. Attitudes towards marriage changed. Loving part of marriage grew in importance because romance, pleasure, and friendship made successful marriages.
2.1.1.2.1. Sigmund Freund's psychological theories also changed relationships. Talked about human sexuality.
2.1.1.3. Cars changed the culture... youth could go out with friends. Away from parental supervision.
2.1.1.4. Women in the workforce changed.
2.1.1.4.1. Working class women took jobs because their families need wages.
2.1.1.4.2. Young, single women got jobs to break away from parental authority and become independent. Now women could by things for themselves.
2.1.1.5. Fashion changed for women who bobbed their hair, wore flesh colored silk stockings, and copied moving stars.
2.1.1.5.1. These women were called "Flappers". They smoked, drank, wore makeup, sleeveless dresses with short skirts. (Most women didn't actually do these things)
2.1.1.6. Women in College got more independence. The were encouraged to challenge gender roles and pursue careers.
2.1.1.6.1. Women made big changed to science, medicine, law and, literature in the 1920s.
2.1.2. Fundamentalism
2.1.2.1. Many embraced America's new values.... others worried we were losing our traditional values.
2.1.2.1.1. Towns, rural especially, joined religious groups called fundamentalism... based off of Christian pamphlets titled "The Fundamentals."
2.1.2.2. The belief that the Bible was literally true without error. Rejected science - especially about evolution.
2.1.2.2.1. Charles Darwin's theory of evolution was rejected.... believed in creationism (the God created the world described in the bible)
2.1.2.2.2. Popular preachers, Billy Sunday and Aimee Semple McPherson, got supporters by preaching non-traditionally.
2.1.2.2.3. The Scopes Trial in 1925 Tennessee outlawed teaching scientific evolution.
2.1.3. Prohibition
2.1.3.1. Banning alcohol got popular in early 1900s. Some people for religion and others to reduce unemployment, violence, and poverty. Got what they wanted in January 1920 with the 18th amendment.
2.1.3.2. The Volstead Act, made the US Treasury Department in charge of enforcing Prohibition.
2.1.3.2.1. This gave much new power to federal police... in the past these things were left to the states.
2.1.3.2.2. Struggled to enforce the law. They made more than 540,000 arrests, but people still ignored the law.
2.1.3.3. Prohibition was fought against as soon as it was ratified. The 21 amendment ended prohibition... after all, the law reduced alcohol consumption but did not improve society at all.