1. The Fungus Kingdom
1.1. Characteristics
1.1.1. Organisms from the fungus kingdom are usually heterotrophs, they get their nutrients by releasing digestive enzymes into other surrounding and then the nutrients absorbed get digested.
1.1.2. Fungi organisms are usually multicellular. However, a few types of fungi are unicellular.
1.1.3. Fungi organisms produce both sexually and asexually. In both processes, fungi produce spores that are smaller than plant seeds
1.2. Basidiomycetes Phylum
1.2.1. Most of the species in this phylum produce sexually through an organ called "Basidium". It produces four spores and is contained within the familiar mushroom.
1.2.2. Some Basidiomycetes produce deadly toxins, that might cause severe respiratory illnesses. Cryptococcus neoformans is an example of toxin basidiomycetes.
1.2.3. Example: Agaricomycetes
1.3. Phylum Zygomycota
1.3.1. Fungi in this phylum produce zygospores, which have a diploid structure that is developed after two haploid hyphae of opposite types combine and fuse their nuclei together.
1.3.2. Zygospores fungi are usually multicellular. It includes common moulds, that forms on old food.
1.3.3. ُExample: Zygomycetes fungi
2. The Eubacteria Kingdom
2.1. Characteristics
2.1.1. Some species use photosynthesis as a form of energy that helps obtaining nutrients.
2.1.2. Most organisms are Mesophile, they occupy environments with less extreme conditions.
2.1.3. They break down organic materials and release different types of gases, such as Hydrogen and Carbon.
2.2. Cyanobacteria phylum
2.2.1. Organisms of this phylum use solar energy as a form of nutrition. Solar energy converts carbon dioxide and water into sugar
2.2.2. These bacterial organisms are mostly found in both fresh and salt water environments.
2.2.3. Example: Nostocales
3. The Archaebacteria Kingdom
3.1. characteristics
3.1.1. Archaebacteria organisms produce unique enzymes that allow them to live in extreme conditions, they are often called "extremophile", as they're able to survive in extreme environments.
3.1.2. Has a unique metobolism that produces methan gas as a by-product, called "Methanogenesis".
3.1.3. Archaebacteria organisms lack the presence of peptidoglycan on its cell wall.
3.2. Euryarchaeota phylum
3.2.1. Found in extreme conditions, such as acidic environments.
3.2.2. Reproduce using the Binary fission process
3.2.3. Example: Methanobrevibacter smithii
4. They both produce using the two processes called "Binary Fission" and "conjugation. binary process one cell copy the genetic information and divide into two new cells, similar to mitosis. In conjugation, two bacteria join together through pili to exchange chromosomes, and it produces a cell with new genatic information.
5. Both fungi and Bacteria produce their energy using aerobic respiration
6. The Plantia Kingdom
6.1. Characteristics
6.1.1. Most plants have a vascular-system that contains vascular tissues that transports water and nutrients within the plants.
6.1.2. Some plants have a non-vascular system, non vascular plants are called"Bryophytes". they do not have vascular tissue that transports water and nutrients within the plant. they depend on the diffusion process and osmosis to transport nutrients.
6.1.3. Plants reproduce using Embryo. which as small, multicellular plants that are dependent on parent plants, and are protected by the plant's seeds.
6.2. Gymnosperms Phylum
6.2.1. Autotrophic, photosynthetic organisms that are able to store water for a long time.
6.2.2. Plants in the Gymnosperms phylum are vascular plants, they have a transportation system that transports water within the plant.
6.2.3. Example: Ginkgo Biloba
6.3. Angiosperms Phylum
6.3.1. Plants in the Angio sperms also have a vascular system that transports water within the plant .
6.3.2. They have to go through a process before reproducing called "pollination". They have the organ "stamens" that is found in males plant. The pollination process occurs in the plant anther, where the pollen are taken to the female part of the flower.
6.3.3. Example: Rosa
7. The Animalia Kingdom
7.1. Characteristics
7.1.1. They are multicellular organisms, and their cells do not have a cell wall.
7.1.2. most animals reproduce sexually, through gametic reproduction, in which a zygote forms from two parents egg and sperm cells.
7.1.3. they are heterotrophs, they ingest their food and digest it.
7.2. Phylum Arthropoda
7.2.1. They ahve legs made up of movable sections connected by joints.
7.2.2. They have a body divided segment and a hard exoskeleton, it consists pf proteins and chitin, it automatically
7.2.3. Example:Scorpions
7.3. Phylum Echinodermata
7.3.1. Have an endoskeleton structure that provides protection to the organs of the organism and supports their muscles
7.3.2. Have water-vascular skeleton, which is a system that carries closed tubes including tube feet. The animal forces water inside the tube feet using his muscles.
7.3.3. Example: Asteroidea(Starfish)
7.4. Phylum Mollusca
7.4.1. They have bilateral symmetry, three layers of cells, a column and two body openings.
7.4.2. Mostly located in fresh water environment. Few of them might be found in testtiles.
7.4.3. Example: Octopoda
8. The Protista Kingdom
8.1. Characteristics
8.1.1. Most protists are unicellular, while very few are multicellular.
8.1.2. The do not fit in any kingdom and have different characteristics. They are divided into three types (animal like, plant like, and fungus like). WHich also makes them the most diverse kingdom.
8.1.3. produce both sexually and asexually.
8.2. Phylum Ciliophora
8.2.1. They are large and have a complex structure. They also have a small organellesl called Cilia, which has a short, hair-like projection that covers the surface of the cell.
8.2.2. Produce asexually, by performing binarry
8.2.3. Example: Suctoria
8.3. Phylum Pyrrophyta
8.3.1. Organisms in the phylum Pyrrophyta live in an aquatic environment, and they move by spinning through the water. Sometimes they live inside other organisms.
8.3.2. They use photosynthesis as a form of energy. They use nitrogen waste and carbon dioxide through the coral.
8.3.3. Example: Dinophyceae
8.4. Phylum Myxomycota
8.4.1. Found in forests and fields on plants. They live in a damp, decaying plants materials.
8.4.2. They get their nutrients through feeding on small particles on food and they engulf it through their cytoplasm.
8.4.3. Example: Myxogastria (Plasmodial slime mold)