1. In linguistics, the comparative method is a technique for studying the development of languages by performing a feature - by - feature comparison of two or more languages with common descent from a shared ancestor.
2. The IC (immediate constituents) method
2.1. Immediate constituent analysis, also called Ic Analysis, in linguistics, a system of grammatical analysis that divides sentences into successive layers, or constituents, until, in the final layer, each constituent consists of only a word or meaningful part of a word.
2.1.1. Employed to contrast only linguistic units for investigating their constituent parts in one or some contrasted languages)
3. The comparative method
3.1. The comparative method in historical linguistics is concerned with the reconstruction of an earlier language or earlier state of a language on the basis of a comparison of related words and expressions in different languages or dialects derived from itj
3.2. Aims at establishing the isomorphic (along side of allomorphic) features and on their basis the determining of structural types of languages under contrastive investigation.
4. The deductive method
4.1. The confirmatory approach of the hypothetico-deductive method, however, involved the willing acquiescence to what is known as modus tollens, the fallacy of the excluded middle, or affirming the consequent.
4.1.1. Based on logical calculation which suggest all the possible variants of realization of a artain feature/phenomenon in speech of one or more contrasted languages
5. The inductive method
5.1. Inductive reasoning is a method of reasoning in which the premises are viewed as supplying some evidence, but not full assurance, of the truth of the conclusion. It is also described as a method where one's experiences and observations, including what are learned from others, are synthesized to come up with a general truth.Many dictionaries define inductive reasoning as the derivation of general principles from specific observations (arguing from specific to general), although there are many inductive arguments that do not have that form.
5.1.1. This is when learners Work out the rule (guided discovery) for themselves by tapping into the grammar knowledge they already have buried in their mind. Due to this reliability of the results or data provided by the inductive method is indisputable.
6. The statistic method
6.1. Statistics is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. In applying statistics to a scientific, industrial, or social problem, it is conventional to begin with a statistical population or a statistical model to be studied.
6.1.1. Establishing the necessary quantitative and qualitative , representation of some features or for identifying the precentage of co-ocurrence of some features or linguistic units in the contrasted languages.