1. Managing urbanization
1.1. Worries
1.1.1. used to be city density
1.1.2. now urban sprawl ( how cities spread and take more land)
1.1.2.1. Consequences
1.1.2.1.1. Less environmentally friendly
1.1.3. Reasons
1.1.3.1. Rising incomes
1.1.3.1.1. more money to buy space
1.1.3.2. Cheaper transporation
1.1.3.2.1. let people travel long distances to work
1.2. Solutions
1.2.1. Bring people back to downtown areas, make suburbs denser
1.2.1.1. Improve life quality and condition
1.2.1.1.1. Less dependence on cars
1.2.2. Plan for city's growth
1.2.2.1. c
1.2.2.1.1. reserve land for parks and public transportation before the city grows over it
1.2.2.2. Looking at growing cities in a positive way
1.2.2.2.1. Planned cities=solution
2. Cities as solutions
2.1. Perspectives of urbanization
2.1.1. recent decades
2.1.1.1. change to good news
2.1.1.1.1. solve overpopulation
2.1.1.2. still negative
2.1.1.2.1. serious problems: urban slums and pollution
2.1.2. 19th and early 20th
2.1.2.1. negative
2.1.2.1.1. cities= crowded, dirty, unhealthy places
2.1.2.1.2. The bigger cities get, the worse living conditions become.
2.2. Benefits of urbanization
2.2.1. "cities =the absence of space between people" (Eward Glaeser)
2.2.1.1. reduces transporting cost
2.2.1.2. more productive environments
2.2.1.3. large and rapid information spread
2.2.2. "smaller environment impact" (Stewrd Brand)
2.2.2.1. City buldings: requires fewer resource to build and operate, less energy to heat.
2.2.2.2. City population: live on 4% of the land (*)
2.2.2.3. Citizens: drive less
2.2.2.3.1. fewer greenhouse gas emissions
2.2.3. "inevitable part of development" (David Satterthwaite)
2.2.3.1. Rapid growth actually is not problem.
2.2.3.2. The actual one is how to manage the growth.
3. Seoul's success story
3.1. Reality
3.1.1. Population growth results in economy growth.
3.1.1.1. "Urbanization can't be understood in isolation from economic development" (Kyung-Hwan Kim)
3.1.2. Hard to copied but proves that a poor country can urbanize successfully and incredibly fast
3.2. Reasons
3.2.1. Government recognition of the importance of economic development --> give support
3.2.1.1. serve the growing population
3.2.1.2. allow corporations to grow and develop
3.2.2. large number of immigrants