Learning Theories: On Learning a Language

1. krashen's Monitor Theory

1.1. Subconscious process

1.2. Conscious knowledge

1.3. Natural order

1.4. Comprehensible Input is essential for adquisition

1.5. Spontaneous process

1.6. Affective filter

2. Cognitive theory

2.1. Focuses on mental activities and processes

2.2. External and internal factors for language acquisition

2.3. Internal mental activity

2.4. language is constantly restructured as proficiency develops

2.5. Automatic and controlled processing

2.6. vernacular style

2.7. Careful style

2.8. Declarative Knowledge (KNOWING THAT)

2.9. Procedural Knowledge (KNOWING HOW)

2.10. Rote

2.10.1. Arbitrary and verbatim

2.11. Meaningful

2.11.1. What one already knows

3. RATIONALIST

3.1. Reason or Logic is the source of knowledge

3.2. Believe in intuition

3.3. Individuals have innate knowledge or concepts

3.4. Mentalist

3.5. Nativist

4. Universal Grammar

4.1. Input

4.2. Output

4.3. Language is a species-specific

4.4. Each language has its own parameters

4.5. All human languages share certain properties

4.6. Core Grammar

4.7. Peripheral Grammar

5. Behaviorism

5.1. Stimulus-Response

5.2. Imitacion

5.3. Practice

5.4. Reinforcement

5.5. Habit formation

6. EMPIRICIST

6.1. Experience and experimentation is the source of knowledge

6.2. Do not believe in intuition

6.3. Experimental science is the paradigm of knowledge

6.4. Environmentalist

7. Connectionism

7.1. Learning is parallel rather sequential

7.2. Strengths of connections

7.3. No rules in connectionist systems

7.4. No innate endowment or pre-programmed

8. The role of individual learner factors

8.1. Age, Aptitude, Motivation, Personality and Cognitive style

8.2. How the learner develops competence

8.3. Individual differences

8.4. Learning environments and situations

8.5. Sensory Modalities

8.6. Learning friendly environments