1. Donna Goldstein is the author of "Laughter out of Place"
1.1. Latin American Scholar in Training
1.2. Spent a summer in Mexico as a research assistant for two professors
1.3. Involved in political and solidarity movements of the early 1980s
1.4. She became active in CULSLAR- Committee on U.S.-Latin American Relations which led a campaign to reeducate the university community and public of U.S. involvement in Central America
1.5. Attended Cornell University as an undergrad and Univ of California-Berkeley as an anthropology graduate student.
1.6. Became interested in Brazil after conducting research in Ecuador
1.7. Inspired of the politics of the time, she changed her research based on the slave-trading center and former capital, Salvador, Bahia to focus on the AIDS epidemic and its effect on low income women
2. carnival
2.1. Can ultimately serve as riutal that reinforces gender and sexual hierarchies and class
2.2. Time for laughter and forgetting
2.3. forms the core of "Brazilianness"
2.4. looking glass image by which Brazilians define themselves
2.5. 4 days and 5 nights long
3. Humor
3.1. coping mechanisim
3.2. gives voice to the women being studied
3.3. According to Gay, humour is Janus-faced...it ingratiates the teller with a chosen audience, but at the same time stigmatizes others as outsides to be disliked or dispised
3.4. black humor- discourse created by the poor to use against the wealthy
3.5. Connection between sorrow and pain has even been recongnized in the Bible: "even in laughter the heart is sorrowful Prov 14:13
4. Methodolgy
4.1. INterviews
4.2. Participating in rituals and customs
4.3. living amongst the women
4.4. historical and political knowlegede
5. Author returned to Felicidade Eterna in 1995 but first met Gloria in 1991
5.1. First Arrival
5.1.1. Arrived in Brazil to dissertation research
5.1.2. New Year's Celebration takes place on the beaches of Rio's Zona Sul
5.1.2.1. Second largest Celebration- Carnival is the first
5.1.3. First of January dedicated to Afro-Brazilian orixa or the goddess Iemanja
5.1.3.1. Night before various religious groups congregate according to their "terreiro" - temple
5.1.3.2. Traditition dictates that everyone must wear white and buy new underwear (pink or white)
5.1.3.3. Music- funk, samba fooro & fricote always playing; dancing and live bands in mobile trucks
5.1.3.4. Massive gatherings of people from various walks of life. One of the harmonious and peaceful time in Rio.
6. Gloria "had" 14 children; 6 biological, 5 from her deceased sister Celina and took in 3 of her ex-lover's children
6.1. Gloria is a representative of the poorest end of the working class
6.2. Her Biological Children
6.2.1. Felix
6.2.2. Zeca
6.2.2.1. Suffered from sickle-cell anemia; Died
6.2.3. Tiago
6.2.4. Soneca
6.2.4.1. never liked Zeca since he was a runt, a tattletale and was always protected by their mom
6.2.5. Filomena
6.2.6. Anita