1. Unit 1
1.1. Module 1
1.1.1. Lesson 1
1.1.1.1. Matter
1.1.1.1.1. All matter is made up of particles. They can be a solid, liquid or gas.
1.1.1.2. Solid state
1.1.1.2.1. A state of matter with a definite shape and volume
1.1.1.3. Liqiud state
1.1.1.3.1. A state of matter with a definite volume but not a definite shape
1.1.1.4. Gas state
1.1.1.4.1. A state of matter without a definite shape or volume
1.1.1.5. Kinetic energy
1.1.1.5.1. The energy of an object measured by it's motion
1.1.1.6. Temperature
1.1.1.6.1. The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles
1.1.1.7. Thermometer
1.1.1.7.1. Used to measure the avergae kinetic energy of the particles in a material
1.1.1.8. Kelvin scale
1.1.1.8.1. When particles reah 0k all movement in the particles stop
1.1.1.9. Potential energy
1.1.1.9.1. Stored energy due to the interactions between particles or objects
1.1.1.10. Thermal energy
1.1.1.10.1. The result of all the motion of the particles and the distance and attractionss between those particles in the system
1.1.1.11. Atoms
1.1.1.11.1. A small particle that is the biulding block of matter
1.1.1.12. Substances
1.1.1.12.1. Matter with a composition that is always the same
1.1.1.13. Elements
1.1.1.13.1. A substance made of only one type of atom
1.1.1.14. Compound
1.1.1.14.1. Atoms of two or more different compounds are bonded together
1.1.1.15. Molecule
1.1.1.15.1. A coumpound of elemts that have a specific ratio
1.1.1.16. Periodic Table of Elements
1.1.1.16.1. A table with all the elements we know of
1.1.1.17. Element symbols
1.1.1.17.1. The symbols found on the periodic table fo elements that represent a elemnt
1.1.1.18. Chemical formula
1.1.1.18.1. A groups of chemical sybols and numbers that represent the elements and the number of atoms of each element that make up a compound
1.1.2. Lesson 2
1.1.2.1. Jacques Charles
1.1.2.1.1. A French scientist that discovered the relationship between temperature and volume
1.1.2.2. Volume Temperature Law
1.1.2.2.1. If the temperature decreases so does the volume. If the temperature increses then so does the volime
1.1.2.3. Thermal Contraction
1.1.2.3.1. A decrease in temperature will cause a decrease in volume
1.1.2.4. Thermal expansion
1.1.2.4.1. An increase in temperature will cause an increase in volume
1.1.2.5. Systems
1.1.2.5.1. The objects involed in an energy transfer
1.1.2.6. Heating
1.1.2.6.1. The transfer of thermal energy from a hotter object to a colder object
1.1.2.7. Pressure
1.1.2.7.1. The force that is applied to an area of an objects surface
1.1.2.8. Phase Change
1.1.2.8.1. When an object changes it's state of matter
1.1.2.9. Melting
1.1.2.9.1. When a solid is heated up and becomes and liquid
1.1.2.10. Freezing
1.1.2.10.1. When a liquid is cooled and becomes a solid
1.1.2.11. Condensation
1.1.2.11.1. When a gas is cooled and becomes and liquid
1.1.2.12. Vaporization
1.1.2.12.1. When a liquid is heated up and becomes a gas
1.1.2.13. Boiling vs. Evaporation
1.1.2.13.1. Boiling is when water is heated up and the surface of the water starts to bubble. Evaporation is when the water is heated up and then turns into a gas.
1.1.3. Lesson 3
1.1.3.1. Robert Boyle
1.1.3.1.1. A britsch sciencetist that saw that relationship between volume and pressure
1.1.3.2. Boyle's Law - Pressure and volume
1.1.3.2.1. As the preasure increases the columa decrases, as the pressur decreases the volume increases
1.1.3.3. Boyles Law - Number of particles
1.1.3.3.1. The more particles there are the higher the pressure
1.1.3.4. Boyles Law - Pressure and States of matter
1.1.3.4.1. The higher the pressure the more energy is needed to change the state of matter, the lower the pressure the less energy is needed to change the state of matter
1.1.4. Lesson 4
1.1.4.1. Molecules
1.1.4.1.1. Two or more elements that are held together by a chemical bond and work as an unit
1.1.4.2. Nonmetal Gases
1.1.4.2.1. Gases at room temperature that can't conduct electricty or heat very well. Have high kinetic and potential energy
1.1.4.3. Nonmetal Solids
1.1.4.3.1. Induvidual atoms that are connected to form an extended structure that is bad at conducting electrcity and heat. Have low kinatic and potetial energy
1.1.4.4. Metals
1.1.4.4.1. Solids at room temperature that are shiny and malleable. They are good conducters of electricity and heat. Have high melting and boiling points
1.1.4.5. Ionic Compounds
1.1.4.5.1. A bond that is formed by atoms of opposite charges and are very unstable
1.1.4.6. Covalent Compounds
1.1.4.6.1. Compounds that share electrons so they are more stable than ionic compunds
1.1.4.7. Polar Covalent Compounds
1.1.4.7.1. Compounds that have a positive side and a negative side so they stick together with other polar covalent compounds
1.1.4.8. Nonpolar Covalent Compounds
1.1.4.8.1. Compounds that have equal charges on both sides to that don't combine with other nonpolar compunds
1.1.4.9. Dissolving
1.1.4.9.1. Compounds of the same type will dissolve but compunds of different types won't dissolve
1.2. Module 2
1.2.1. Lesson 1
1.2.1.1. Qualitative Characteristics
1.2.1.1.1. Qualities you can see and observe
1.2.1.2. Quantitative Characteristics
1.2.1.2.1. Qualities that you can measure
1.2.1.3. Mass
1.2.1.3.1. How much matter a substance contains
1.2.1.4. Weight
1.2.1.4.1. Related to mass but depends on the gravitational force of an object
1.2.1.5. Volume
1.2.1.5.1. How much space something takes up
1.2.1.6. Density
1.2.1.6.1. The ratio of mass to volume in a substance
1.2.1.7. Chemical Properties
1.2.1.7.1. A charisteristic that can be observerd as the substance changes it's state of matter
1.2.1.8. Flammability
1.2.1.8.1. The ability for matter to burn easily
1.2.1.9. Oxidation
1.2.1.9.1. When a substace reacts with oxygen and usually results in a color change
1.2.1.10. Reactivity
1.2.1.10.1. When a substance reacts to another substance
1.2.1.11. Solubility
1.2.1.11.1. The ability for one substance to dissolve in another
1.2.2. Lesson 2
1.2.2.1. Chemical Changes
1.2.2.1.1. When two or more elements combine to make a new substance
1.2.2.2. Chemical Reactions
1.2.2.2.1. When the bonds of the reactants break to form new bonds in the product
1.2.2.3. Chemical Equations
1.2.2.3.1. The way to model chemical changes
1.2.2.4. Products
1.2.2.4.1. What comes out in a chemical reaction from the reactants
1.2.2.5. Reactants
1.2.2.5.1. The elements in a chemical reaction that make the new substance, the product(s)
1.2.2.6. Coefficients
1.2.2.6.1. How many of each element is needed to make the substance
1.2.2.7. Antoine Lavoisier
1.2.2.7.1. A scientist that showed that mass is conserved in a chemical reaction
1.2.2.8. Law of conservation of mass
1.2.2.8.1. Mass can't be created niether destroyed
1.2.2.9. Atomic Mass
1.2.2.9.1. The amount of protons and neutrons added together is the atomic mass
1.2.3. Lesson 3
1.2.3.1. Chemical potential energy
1.2.3.1.1. Energy that is released when atoms form bonds
1.2.3.2. Endothermic reaction
1.2.3.2.1. When more energy is needed to break the reactants than the energy realeased when the product is formed
1.2.3.3. Exothermic reaction
1.2.3.3.1. When more energy is released when the product forms than the energy required to break teh product
1.2.3.4. Concertration is reactions
1.2.3.4.1. The more particles there are in an area the faster a chemical reaction will occur
1.2.3.5. Law of Conservation of energy
1.2.3.5.1. Energy can't be created or destroyed
2. Unit 2
2.1. Module 1
2.1.1. Lesson 1
2.1.1.1. Pangaea
2.1.1.1.1. A super continent milllions of years ago
2.1.1.2. Continental drift
2.1.1.2.1. The slow movements of Earth's continent
2.1.1.3. Rock formation evidence
2.1.1.3.1. Volcanic roacks that show the same chemistry and age
2.1.1.4. Glacial features evidence
2.1.1.4.1. Glacial grooves of different continents show the were once together
2.1.1.5. Coal deposit evidnece
2.1.1.5.1. Coal beds in Antartica show that Antartica was once near the equator
2.1.1.6. Fossil evidence
2.1.1.6.1. Identical fossil now are found thousands of miles apart so they must have been at some point connected
2.1.1.7. Alfred Wegener
2.1.1.7.1. A scientist who first came up with the idea of continental drift
2.1.2. Lesson 2
2.1.2.1. Ocean floor topography
2.1.2.1.1. The data used to map of the ocean floor
2.1.2.2. Mid-ocean ridges
2.1.2.2.1. Mountian ranges under the water
2.1.2.3. Ocean trenches
2.1.2.3.1. Deep ocean troughs under the water
2.1.2.4. Isochron maps
2.1.2.4.1. Show the age of the tectonic plates under the water
2.1.2.5. Seafloor spreading
2.1.2.5.1. The movement of tectonic plates due to magma circulation under the Earth's crust
2.1.2.6. Magma
2.1.2.6.1. Melted irons that are being forced up from the Earth's core
2.1.2.7. Lava
2.1.2.7.1. Magma that is above the surface of the Earth
2.1.2.8. Plate tectonics
2.1.2.8.1. Big slabs of rock that are constially moving
2.1.3. Lesson 3
2.1.3.1. Convergent bondary
2.1.3.1.1. When two tectonic plates move towards each other and collide
2.1.3.2. Divergent boundary
2.1.3.2.1. When two tectonic plates move away from each other
2.1.3.3. Transform boundary
2.1.3.3.1. When two tectonic plates slide past each other
2.1.3.4. Subduction
2.1.3.4.1. When one tectonic plate goes under another and the other one is folded upwards
2.1.3.5. Fault
2.1.3.5.1. A crack in Earth's crust which can cause movement
2.1.3.6. Fault block mountains
2.1.3.6.1. When plates move apart creating tension causing the Earth's crust to strech
2.1.3.7. Volcano
2.1.3.7.1. A moutain that has a hole for magma to come through
2.1.3.8. Volcanic arc
2.1.3.8.1. Volcanos that are islands and form on a curved line to a tectonic plate
2.1.3.9. Earthquake
2.1.3.9.1. The rapid release of stress in the Earth's crust
2.1.3.10. Fault zone
2.1.3.10.1. An area of many faults along one large fault
2.1.3.11. Landslide
2.1.3.11.1. Downhill movement of rocks, soild, and boulders very rapidly
2.1.3.12. Tsunami
2.1.3.12.1. A huge wave that forms when there is a disturbance in the ocean
2.1.3.13. Impact crater
2.1.3.13.1. Astroids form space that crash down to Earth and create a huge crater
2.1.4. Lesson 4
2.1.4.1. Physical weathering
2.1.4.1.1. Rocks breaking down into smaller rocks
2.1.4.2. Frost Wedging
2.1.4.2.1. The freezing of water in rocks to make them crack
2.1.4.3. Plant Action
2.1.4.3.1. The plant roots breaking apart rocks
2.1.4.4. Abrasion
2.1.4.4.1. When wind or water causes rocks to collide
2.1.4.5. Wind Abrasion
2.1.4.5.1. Wind blowing rocks and sand around
2.1.4.6. Water Abrasion
2.1.4.6.1. The movement of rocks through streams, rivers, and oceans
2.1.4.7. Glacial Abrasion
2.1.4.7.1. Rocks in glaciers that scrape agaisnt bedrock
2.1.4.8. Chemical Weathering
2.1.4.8.1. When weathering changes the chemical properaty of a rock
2.1.4.9. Oxidation
2.1.4.9.1. When oxygen combines with minerals to form something new. Occurs in hot and humid climates
2.1.4.10. Hydrolysis
2.1.4.10.1. Minerals that absorded water and chagned their chemical structure Occurs in hot and humid climates
2.1.4.11. Carbonation
2.1.4.11.1. When pollutants combine with rain to make acid rain which dissolves limestone. Occurs in hot and humid climates
2.1.4.12. Erosion
2.1.4.12.1. The process of sedimeants moving to another location
2.1.4.13. Deposition
2.1.4.13.1. The laying down of sediments
2.1.4.14. Small Scale Erosion
2.1.4.14.1. Small amounts of sediments being moved
2.1.4.15. Surface runoff
2.1.4.15.1. The water flow on Earth's surface
2.1.4.16. Coastal Erosion
2.1.4.16.1. Beaches and sand dunes taken down by wind and water
2.1.4.17. Large Scale Erosion
2.1.4.17.1. Sudden movement of large sediments that can create entirely new ecosystems
2.1.4.18. Mass Wasting
2.1.4.18.1. When larges rocks fall down a mountain due to gravity
2.1.4.19. Glacial Movement
2.1.4.19.1. Huge glaciers that move across land
2.1.5. Lesson 5
2.1.5.1. Rock
2.1.5.1.1. A solid made of minerals and glass
2.1.5.2. Mineral
2.1.5.2.1. A naturally occuring element with its own unique chemical structure
2.1.5.3. Crystallization
2.1.5.3.1. The process of forming a crystal
2.1.5.4. Igneous extrusive rock
2.1.5.4.1. Cooled magma on the Earth's surface that becomes rock
2.1.5.5. Igneous intrusive rock
2.1.5.5.1. Rock formed form magma under Earth's surface then brought upi and exposed by erosion
2.1.5.6. Sedimentary rock
2.1.5.6.1. Formed from others rocks after weathering and erosion
2.1.5.7. Lithification
2.1.5.7.1. The compacting pressure where liqiuds turn into solid rocks.
2.1.5.8. Compaction
2.1.5.8.1. When rocks compact together to become denser
2.1.5.9. Cementation
2.1.5.9.1. The building up of rocks to become even more solid
2.1.5.10. Metamorphic rock
2.1.5.10.1. When high heat and pressure go on a igneous or sedimentary rock to become a metamorpic rock
2.2. Module 2
2.2.1. Lesson 1
2.2.1.1. Earthquakes and plate boundaries
2.2.1.1.1. Earthquakes occur when a sudden release of stress in plate boundaries
2.2.1.2. Richter Magnitude scale
2.2.1.2.1. logrithmic scale that measures the strength of an earthquake
2.2.1.3. Earthquake magnitude scale
2.2.1.3.1. The scale starts at 0 and goes up to 10. Each number 10 times stronger than the one before
2.2.1.4. Moment magnitude scale
2.2.1.4.1. Measures the energy released by and earthquake
2.2.1.5. Modified Mercalli intensity scale
2.2.1.5.1. Measures and earthquakes intensity by the effect on people and structures
2.2.1.6. Pancaking
2.2.1.6.1. Supporting walls fail causing the building to collapse
2.2.1.7. Liquefaction
2.2.1.7.1. The soil under a building causes it to collapse
2.2.1.8. Landslide
2.2.1.8.1. Rapid downhill movement of rocks and soil
2.2.1.9. Tsunami
2.2.1.9.1. Large ocean waves caused by earthquakes
2.2.2. Lesson 2
2.2.2.1. Volcano Belts
2.2.2.1.1. An area of volcanoes along a plate boundary
2.2.2.2. Hot Spots
2.2.2.2.1. Volcanoes that form far away from plate boundaries
2.2.2.3. Mudflows
2.2.2.3.1. Also known as lahars. They contain snow, ice and ash
2.2.2.4. Lava flows
2.2.2.4.1. Lava that turns into rock as it cools
2.2.2.5. Volcanic Ash
2.2.2.5.1. Ash that is shot up into the atmosphere. Can cause cancer
2.2.2.6. Volcanic Gases
2.2.2.6.1. DIssolved gases found in magma. Contains sulfer dioxide and CO2
2.2.2.7. Pyroclastic Flows
2.2.2.7.1. Avalanches of hot gas and rock
2.2.2.8. Predicting volcanoes - Gas
2.2.2.8.1. Gases that are collected in vents that can be used to tell if a volcano will explode
2.2.2.9. Predicting volcanoes - Deformation
2.2.2.9.1. Bumps in the Earth's crust will start to appear as a sign of a volcano forming
2.2.2.10. Predicting volcanoes - Ground Vibration
2.2.2.10.1. An earthquake is a sign that a volcano might erupt soon
2.2.2.11. Predicting volcanoes - Remote Sensing
2.2.2.11.1. This techonology is used to see how much heat a volcano is emitting
2.2.2.12. Predicting volcanoes - Lava Collection
2.2.2.12.1. Collecting lava and studying it to see the composition and heat
2.2.3. Lesson 3
2.2.3.1. Hurricane
2.2.3.1.1. Tropical storms of winds over 119mph forming from the warm waters in northen Africa
2.2.3.2. Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale
2.2.3.2.1. Ranking hurricanes based on their wind speed
2.2.3.3. Tornado
2.2.3.3.1. Colums of wind formed when warm air comes in contact with cold air
2.2.3.4. Enhanced Fujita Damage Intensity scale
2.2.3.4.1. Classify the type of tornado by the amount of damage is causes
2.2.3.5. Flood
2.2.3.5.1. Large volumes of water that comes onshore. Usually caused by hurricanes
2.2.3.6. Drought
2.2.3.6.1. A period of time in which an area doesn't recieve enough rainfall
2.2.3.7. Drought hazard - soil erosion
2.2.3.7.1. Plants die due to lack of water then the top layer of soil erodes away
2.2.3.8. Drought hazard - wildfires
2.2.3.8.1. Huge fire that are more common in areas that are in a drought or low humidity
2.2.3.9. Drought hazard - decrease in water supply
2.2.3.9.1. Loss of water supply due to less rainfall during a drought
2.2.3.10. Drought hazard - agricultural impact
2.2.3.10.1. Dry conditions make farming for crops extremly hard
2.2.3.11. Meteorologists
2.2.3.11.1. Scientist that study the weather
3. Unit 3
3.1. Module 1
3.1.1. Lesson 1
3.1.1.1. Natural resource
3.1.1.1.1. Resources that are required for living
3.1.1.2. Ores
3.1.1.2.1. Deposits of minerals that are mined for profit
3.1.1.3. Renewable resources
3.1.1.3.1. Resources that can be replaced by natural resources in a short period of time
3.1.1.4. Nonrenewable resources
3.1.1.4.1. Resources that are being used faster than they can replenish
3.1.2. Lesson 2
3.1.2.1. Hydrothermal deposits
3.1.2.1.1. Deposits of metallic minerals that form when minerals crystalize with fluids that react to rocks. Found near subduction zones
3.1.2.2. Subduction Zones
3.1.2.2.1. An area where one tectonic plate goes under another one
3.1.2.3. Distribution of minerals
3.1.2.3.1. Many minerals form on the ocean floor then rise up to the surface
3.1.2.4. Soil
3.1.2.4.1. Loose weathered material that is mainly made up of rocks
3.1.2.5. 5 Factors of soil formation
3.1.2.5.1. Parent material, climate, topography, living organisms and time
3.1.2.6. Formation of Coal
3.1.2.6.1. Dead plants that were buried over millions of years and got compressed
3.1.2.7. Formation of Oil and Natural Gas
3.1.2.7.1. Dead animals that were buried underground and broken down
3.1.2.8. Porosity
3.1.2.8.1. The amount of pore space in a material that allows water to pass through
3.1.2.9. Permeability
3.1.2.9.1. The ability for water to flow through the sediment easily
3.1.2.10. Groundwater
3.1.2.10.1. Water that went through the more permeable rock and stopped and piled up at the less permeable rock
3.1.2.11. Groundwater distribution
3.1.2.11.1. Depends on the average rainfall that area gets and how many mountains there are to form runoffs
3.1.3. Lesson 3
3.1.3.1. Mining
3.1.3.1.1. The process of taking minerals out of Earth
3.1.3.2. Dwindiling deposits
3.1.3.2.1. Population growth causing a higher demand for non renewable material making it run out quickly
3.1.3.3. Mineral supplies
3.1.3.3.1. The amount of time that the minerals will be here on Earth. Scientists have found a way to prolong it
3.1.3.4. Fossil fuel extraction
3.1.3.4.1. The process of machines drilling into the ground for coal, oil and natural gases
3.1.3.5. Groundwater overdraft
3.1.3.5.1. The process in which groundwater is being pumped out faster than it can replenish
3.2. Module 2
3.2.1. Lesson 1
3.2.1.1. Material
3.2.1.1.1. Matter form which a substance can be made
3.2.1.2. Natural material
3.2.1.2.1. Physical matter obtained from natural substances or organisms
3.2.1.3. Sythetic material
3.2.1.3.1. Natural material that went through a chemical process in a lab
3.2.1.4. Reactants to products
3.2.1.4.1. All synthetic materials are the results of chemical reactions.
3.2.2. Lesson 2
3.2.2.1. Natural reasource avalibility
3.2.2.1.1. Natural resources are split unevenly around the world
3.2.2.2. Synthetic material production
3.2.2.2.1. Countries that have more natural resources will be able to produce more synthetic materials
3.2.2.3. Individual and societal impacts
3.2.2.3.1. Synthetic materials can change society that it is manufactured in because they can make living easier or better
3.2.2.4. By-products
3.2.2.4.1. A secondary product as a result of manufacturing process or a chemical reaction
4. Unit 4
4.1. Module 1
4.1.1. Lesson 1
4.1.1.1. Photosynthesis
4.1.1.1.1. A process of chemical reactions that turns carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen
4.1.1.2. Epidermal leaf cells
4.1.1.2.1. The outer most cells on a plant
4.1.1.3. Cuticle
4.1.1.3.1. A waxy covering produced by the outside of leaf cells
4.1.1.4. Stomata
4.1.1.4.1. Found at the bottem of the plant and are used to release waste products
4.1.1.5. Mesophyll Cells
4.1.1.5.1. Two kinds palisades on the top and spongy cells on the bottem
4.1.1.6. Chloroplasts
4.1.1.6.1. Found inside of mesophyll cellls and absorb sunlight and store it as chemical energy
4.1.1.7. Chlorophyll A and B
4.1.1.7.1. Absorb all colors execpt green which is why plants appear to be green
4.1.1.8. Light Cycle
4.1.1.8.1. When plants take in sunlight to split the water atoms into hydrogen and oxygen the release the oxygen as a waste product
4.1.1.9. Night Cycle
4.1.1.9.1. Uses the carbon dioxide and the hydrogen stored from the day to make glucose of sugar
4.1.1.10. Different sugars
4.1.1.10.1. Different plants make different sugars but they all use it as a source of food
4.1.1.11. Cellular Respiration
4.1.1.11.1. The process of turning sugar into energy called ATP
4.1.1.12. Glycolysis
4.1.1.12.1. To split sugar wothout oxygen which makes it anaerobic
4.1.1.13. Mitochondria
4.1.1.13.1. A tiny cellular structure where oxygen a glucose chemically react to make water, carbon dioxide and ATP
4.1.1.14. Lactic Acid Fermentation
4.1.1.14.1. During the process of fermentation, energy and lactic acid is produced. Lactic acid eats away at our cells
4.1.1.15. Ethanol Alcohol Fermentation
4.1.1.15.1. Fermentation preformed by plants cells the make ethyl alcohol which can make different beverages
4.1.2. Lesson 2
4.1.2.1. Producers
4.1.2.1.1. Organisms that make their own food. Mainly throught the process of photosynthesis
4.1.2.2. Consumers
4.1.2.2.1. Organisms that eat other organisms to aquire their enrgy
4.1.2.3. Primary Consumers
4.1.2.3.1. Consumers that are usually herbivores and eat the producers
4.1.2.4. Secondary Consumers
4.1.2.4.1. Organisms that eat the primary consumers
4.1.2.5. Tertiary Consumers
4.1.2.5.1. Organims that eat both the primary and seconday consumers. Usually the apex predator in an ecosystem
4.1.2.6. Detritivore
4.1.2.6.1. Breaks down dead organisms to aquire energy and return chemicals back into the soil to help producers grow
4.1.2.7. Food Chain
4.1.2.7.1. Simple model of how energy moves from producer to consumers to detritivores back to producers
4.1.2.8. Food Web
4.1.2.8.1. Multiple interconnected food chains
4.1.2.9. Energy Pyramid / 10% rule
4.1.2.9.1. Shows the trophic levels of an ecosystem and how much energy each level has
4.1.3. Lesson 3
4.1.3.1. Carbon cycle
4.1.3.1.1. Cellular respiration
4.1.3.1.2. Photosynthesis
4.1.3.1.3. Sedimentation
4.1.3.1.4. Decomposition
4.1.3.1.5. Fossil Fuels
4.1.3.1.6. Combustion
4.1.3.2. Water cycle
4.1.3.2.1. Evaporation / Transpiration
4.1.3.2.2. Condensation
4.1.3.2.3. Precicitation
4.1.3.2.4. Run off
4.1.3.2.5. Seepage
4.1.3.3. Oxygen cycle
4.1.3.3.1. Cellular Respiration
4.1.3.3.2. Photosynthesis
4.1.3.4. Nitrogen cycle
4.1.3.4.1. Precipitation
4.1.3.4.2. Nitrogen Fixation
4.1.3.4.3. Ammonification
4.1.3.4.4. Nitrofication
4.1.3.4.5. Assimilation
4.1.3.4.6. Dentrification
4.2. Module 2
4.2.1. Lesson 1
4.2.1.1. Biosphere
4.2.1.1.1. The level that includes all biotic and abiotic animals on Earth
4.2.1.2. Biome
4.2.1.2.1. Regions on Earth that have similiar climates
4.2.1.3. Ecosystem
4.2.1.3.1. All the abiotic and biotic organisms in an area
4.2.1.4. Communities
4.2.1.4.1. All the biotic organisms in an area
4.2.1.5. Populations
4.2.1.5.1. All the members of the same species living in an area
4.2.1.6. Organism
4.2.1.6.1. An individual being
4.2.1.7. Abiotic
4.2.1.7.1. A non-living organism
4.2.1.8. Biotic
4.2.1.8.1. A living organism
4.2.1.9. Limiting factor
4.2.1.9.1. Factors that determine the number of organisms that can live in that area. Water, Shelter and Food
4.2.1.10. Biotic potential
4.2.1.10.1. Potential growth with perfect conditions and no limiting factors
4.2.1.11. Carrying capacity
4.2.1.11.1. The largest number of organisms that an ecosystem can hold at a time
4.2.1.12. Overpopulation
4.2.1.12.1. When there is too much of a species that causes damage to the enviorment
4.2.1.13. Extinction
4.2.1.13.1. When a species completely dies out
4.2.1.14. Endangered species
4.2.1.14.1. Species that are close to extinction
4.2.1.15. Threatened species
4.2.1.15.1. Species that are close to being endangered and then extinct
4.2.2. Lesson 2
4.2.2.1. Symbiosis
4.2.2.1.1. A close relationship between two organisms
4.2.2.2. Commensalism
4.2.2.2.1. When one species is benefited and the other is neither harmed or benefited
4.2.2.3. Parasitism
4.2.2.3.1. When one species is benefited and the other is harmed
4.2.2.4. Mutualism
4.2.2.4.1. When both species are benefited
4.2.2.5. Cooperative relationships
4.2.2.5.1. Interactions in species that help each other
4.2.2.6. Competitive relationships
4.2.2.6.1. Oragnaisms in the same species competing for resources
4.2.2.7. Predator-prey relationships
4.2.2.7.1. When one species consumes the other
4.2.3. Lesson 3
4.2.3.1. Ecological succession
4.2.3.1.1. The process of turning an ecosystem's small plants into big trees
4.2.3.2. Climax Community
4.2.3.2.1. A community at its final stage and goes through no more ecological changes
4.2.3.3. Primary succession
4.2.3.3.1. Succession in new areas where life has not yet lived there
4.2.3.4. Secondary succession
4.2.3.4.1. Succession in a previously destroyed ecosystem
4.2.3.5. Eutrophication
4.2.3.5.1. When water becomes nutrient rich and algal blooms get really big and destory the balance of oxygen
4.2.3.6. Dynamic Equilibrium
4.2.3.6.1. The balance in ecosystems. Natural disaters can disrupt this very quickly
4.2.3.7. Resource Extraction
4.2.3.7.1. Mining for oil and cutting down forest have led to major changes in the environment
4.2.3.8. Pollution
4.2.3.8.1. When contaminants are brought into the air and cause a negative change
4.2.3.9. Nonnative species
4.2.3.9.1. Species not living in its native ecosystem brought by humans to new ecosystems