1. Branches
1.1. Micro linguistics focuses on the study of language itself, including its sound (phonetics and phonology) grammatical structures (morphology), syntax, and meanings (semantics) in context (pragmatics).
1.1.1. Phonetics is the study of the sounds of language. It deals with the way sounds are produced, transmitted and perceived by human beings
1.1.1.1. Articulatory deals with the study of articulation of speech sounds
1.1.1.1.1. McGurk Effect
1.1.1.1.2. Categorical perception
1.1.1.2. Acoustic studies the physical properties of sounds as transmitted from mouth to air and then received by ear drum
1.1.1.3. Auditory deals with the study of perpetual response to speech sounds as mediated by ear, auditory nerve and brain
1.1.1.4. Allophones
1.1.1.4.1. /p/:[Ph] - [p]
1.1.1.4.2. /b/:[B] - [b]
1.1.1.5. Phoneme
1.1.2. Phonology is the study of how sounds are arranged in each language as organized units of speech
1.1.2.1. IPA
1.1.2.1.1. Vowels
1.1.2.1.2. Consonants
1.1.3. Morphology deals with the forms of words, use of words and construction of words by small letters.
1.1.3.1. Morphemes
1.1.3.1.1. FREE morphemes
1.1.3.1.2. BOUND morphemes
1.1.3.2. Word formation
1.1.3.2.1. Compounding
1.1.3.2.2. Affixation
1.1.3.2.3. Blending
1.1.3.2.4. Clipping
1.1.3.2.5. Acronyms
1.1.3.2.6. Reanalysis
1.1.3.2.7. Novel creation
1.1.4. Semantics the study of meaning in a language. It focuses on studying the structure of meaning of words and making a sentence that is meaningful
1.1.4.1. Synonyms
1.1.4.2. Antonyms
1.1.4.3. Homonyms
1.1.4.4. Polysemy
1.1.4.5. Analogy
1.1.4.6. Slang
1.1.4.7. Idioms
1.1.4.8. Metaphors
1.1.4.9. Jargon
1.1.4.10. Irony
1.1.4.11. Sarcasm
1.1.5. Pragmatics also deals with the meaning of language but is focuses on meaning in context rather than individual word meanings
1.1.6. Syntax is the study of phrase construction, clauses and sentences in a language. It deals with basic word order followed in any languages
1.1.6.1. Components of the sentence
1.1.6.1.1. Subject
1.1.6.1.2. Predicate
1.1.6.1.3. Object
1.1.6.1.4. Predicative
1.1.6.1.5. Attribute
1.1.6.1.6. Adverbial
1.2. Macro-linguistics takes a broad view of linguistic phenomena, studying language in different context and its development over time. Macro-linguistics includes study of other disciplines that are connected with language study in any perspective e.g. the study of relation between society and linguistics is sociolinguistics.
1.2.1. Inter Disciplinary branches of linguistics deals with study of linguistics with relation to other disciplines as sociology, psychology, neurology, geography, etc.
1.2.1.1. Sociolinguistics serves a crucial function in our understanding and application of linguistics also studies the interaction of languages as people from different cultures and heritage interact
1.2.1.1.1. Regional
1.2.1.1.2. Social
1.2.1.1.3. Functional
1.2.1.2. Psycholinguistics studies the relationship between psychological processes and linguistic behaviour.
1.2.1.2.1. Language acquisition
1.2.1.3. Neurolinguistics deals with the relationship between language and the structure and functioning of the brain.
1.2.1.4. Stylistics is the study and interpretation of style and rhetorics as employed by different authors within a language
1.2.1.5. Cognitive linguistics is an interdisciplinary field of linguistics that deals with the study of language, mind, and sociocultural experience that first emerged in the 1970s
1.2.1.6. Geographical linguistics studies the geographic distribution of language or its constituent elements also can refer to studies of how people talk about the landscape
1.2.2. Intra Disciplinary branches of linguistics deal with the study of linguistics within its own discipline
1.2.2.1. Applied linguistics involves the practical use of linguistics to solve real-life problems.
1.2.2.2. Theoretical aims to answer the general question of what language is; discover the universal properties of language that exist across languages; and reveal the architecture of language
1.2.2.2.1. Scientists
1.2.2.3. Historical is the study of evolution and origins of Languages
1.2.2.3.1. Proto-language
1.2.2.3.2. Language isolate is a language that has no demonstrable genetic relationships with another languages: Basque in Europe, Ainu in Asia, Haida in North America, Kanoe in South America, Tiwi in Australia
1.2.2.3.3. Diachronic analysis
1.2.2.3.4. Synchronic analysis
1.2.2.3.5. Converge
1.2.2.3.6. Diverge
1.2.2.3.7. Cognate
1.2.2.4. Descriptive is the work of objectively analyzing and describing how language is actually used by a speech community
1.2.2.4.1. Writing System
1.2.2.4.2. Descriptive
1.2.2.5. Comparative is the study of similar and dissimilar aspects of common-origin languages