Beyond the Pattern of Heaven

1. Han Chinese

1.1. "Patrilineal surnames provided the Han Chinese with connections to a common ancestor" (353)

1.2. Women -consistently put down; open to infanticide at birth, arranged/tough marriages, cannot initiate divorce

2. The Surname

2.1. Patrilineal Kinship -use of surname of male members of society (Han) to identify; females are referred to as sisters/daughters/mothers

2.2. Women were unable to choose destinies regardless of age, whereas men had more freedom.

2.3. Those who share the same surname cannot be wed

3. Confucianism

3.1. -geared towards men -influenced in Chinese history

3.2. 5 Relationships -friend/friend -husband/wife -older/younger sibling -father/son -ruler/minister

3.3. -Filial piety: honoring of mother/father through the children of the family

3.4. Founded by Kong Fuzi

4. Post 1949 Trends

4.1. Families are allowed to try for a second child if the first is a female; male children are more important via patronage (357)

4.2. Ban put out on concubines, youth marriage and numerous children;. stress on children taking care of elderly parents

4.2.1. a tight increase of the family heritage

5. Alternate Models of Kinship

5.1. The Dai -bilateral kinship -"Husbands move into their bride's natal homes for three years, during which the men provide labor for the woman's family" (358) -women are free to leave with children at any time

5.2. The Lahu -gendered unity; husband and wife work best in pairs -share workload, pregnancy, family, etc

5.3. The Mosuo -matralinieal marriage -husbands and wives live separately and are free to see who they want -children are family members