1. Polymyositis
1.1. Masticatory Muscle Myositis
1.1.1. Breed Predilcetion
1.1.1.1. German Shepherds and Weimaraners.
1.1.2. Diagnosis
1.1.2.1. CT/MRI.
1.1.3. Treatment
1.1.3.1. Immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids (azathioprine or cyclosporine) for 3-4 weeks.
1.2. Extraocular Polymyositis
1.2.1. Breed Predilection
1.2.1.1. Golden Retrievers.
1.2.2. Diagnosis
1.2.2.1. Creatinine kinase, 2M antibody ELISA test, or muscle biopsy. Do NOT biopsy the frontalis muscle - NOT a masticatory muscle!
1.2.3. Treatment
1.2.3.1. Immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids (azathioprine or cyclosporine) for 3-4 weeks.
2. Zygomatic Mucoceles/Cysts
3. Trauma
3.1. Orbital Fracture
3.2. Penetrating Foreign Body
3.3. Blunt Trauma → Proptosis
4. Abcess/Cellulitis
4.1. Diagnosis
4.2. Treatment
4.2.1. Systemic antibiotics for 2-3 weeks; use antibiotics directed against anerobes (e.g., amoxycilin and clavulanic acid).
4.2.2. Topican antibiotic/lubrication if cornea exposure and lagophthalmos.
4.2.3. Systemic NSAIDS; no steroids!
4.2.4. Systemic opiods.
5. Tumors
5.1. Treatment
5.1.1. Benign → orbitotomy.
5.1.2. Malignant → exenteration +/- chemotherapy +/- radiotherapy.