1. Sociology of Education
1.1. Theoretical Perspectives
1.1.1. An overall picture created by human beings and interpreted by them.
1.1.2. Best conceptual guide to understanding relation between the school and society because it gives one the intellectual scaffolding from which to hang empirical findings.
1.1.3. There are three major theories functional, conflict, and interactional.
1.2. Effects of Schooling on individuals
1.2.1. Employment
1.2.1.1. If individuals get an college and professional degree he or she may assume they are going to be getting a high pay, but women are more likely to get paid less than men and have a harder time finding a job due to family commitments.
1.2.2. Knowledge and Attitudes
1.2.2.1. When social class is considered into education, higher class background is found to produce higher achievements.
1.2.3. Education and Mobility
1.2.3.1. Poor and Rich education may have little to do with mobility. Private schools are thought of being a "mobility escalator" due to it representing a more prestigious educational route.
2. Philosophy of Education
2.1. Generic notions
2.1.1. Aristole believed that only through studying the material world was it possible for an individual to clarify or develop ideas.
2.1.2. Plato believed the world of matter was shadowy and unreliable.
2.2. Key researchers
2.2.1. The important Key researchers consisted of Plato, St. Augustine, Aristole's, Rene Descartes, Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell, Thomas Aquinas, Francis Bacon, and John Locke.
2.3. Goal of education
2.3.1. Contemporary Realist
2.3.2. Teachers need to participate in the basic academic disciplines in order to transmit his or her students to the knowledge that is necessary for the human race.
2.4. Role of teacher
2.4.1. Progressive setting is when the teacher no longer has authority over anything. The teacher then turns into a facilitator.
2.4.2. Teachers have the responsibility to use different ideas with his or her students so they can travel to the new levels of awareness that can be used daily throughout life.
2.5. Method of instruction
2.5.1. Realists support a number of different teaching techniques. Mostly he or she would lecture, question and answer
2.6. Curriculum
2.6.1. Realists believe in the basics such as: science, math, reading, and writing
2.6.2. Idealists like the idea of great literature that are from the past. He or she also believed the past was easier and better to understand
3. Curriculum and Pedagogy
3.1. Functionalist
3.1.1. School is made to teach the students what they need to know so that he or she makes it in society
3.1.2. Believed that the curriculum needed to change in order for it to suite the new modern
3.1.3. Teaching the norms rom society form what needs to be learned
3.1.4. Focused more on teaching a skill then other knowledge. Skill continues further in life because he or she must know the routes of the society.
3.2. Developmentalist Curriculum
3.2.1. Depends on the students interest and needs, instead of the society
3.2.2. Teachers are not only there as the transmitter of knowledge but he or she is there to help the students grow as an individual
3.2.3. Strictly based off the curriculum and the students
3.2.4. Historians considered the curriculum not to be influenced by public schools.
4. Educational Inequality
4.1. Student Centered
4.1.1. Differences between the performance of academics between the same school vs different school.
4.1.2. Poorer economic status people are being blamed for inequality in the schools and other problems.
4.1.3. Suggests that low economic status people are falling short of educational growth due to the lack of help from family members.
4.1.4. Different cultural vales and working class between low and middle class
4.2. School Centered
4.2.1. Public schools are getting their finical support fro local, state and federal resources
4.2.2. Consider that federal aid is going to help some schools, but some believe that it is still distributed unequally.
4.2.3. Higher income schools are able to provide more resources for their students than low income schools
4.2.4. Communities are attacking other communities based on the inequality between the local tax.
5. Educational Reform
5.1. Community & Societal
5.1.1. Leadership is the main source in the community/society
5.1.2. Focuses on Student Centered learning
5.1.3. Goals are driven and determined by the leaning aspects.
5.1.4. Instead of no guidance there is a lot of instructional guidance
5.2. Intrasectional
5.2.1. Policies are made only for public schools and is omitted for private schools
5.2.2. There are very few white students that has ever been to an inner city school.
5.2.3. Some places such as St. Louis gives students who live in a white neighborhoods the opportunity to attend a suburban school.
5.3. VS
5.4. Intersectional
5.4.1. Policies are made for both public schools and private schools.
5.4.2. The two locations Milwaukee and Cleveland give out tuition vouchers for those who attend schools in the neighborhood that are private.
6. Politics of Education
6.1. Conservative
6.1.1. Believes a free Market economic system is the most productive.
6.1.2. Believes the duty to solve ones problems lies on the individual not the government
6.1.3. Hold more traditional everyday values, largely protestant christian; anti abortion, same sex marriage, etc.
6.2. Progressive
6.2.1. School is the central of problem solving including social interactions.
6.2.2. That school is a milestone to prepare students for upcoming life changes.
6.2.3. Students use their creativity by "thinking out of the box"
7. History of U.S. Education
7.1. The Rise of the Common School
7.1.1. The Colonial Era
7.1.1.1. This Era started by individuals who brought in new ideas.
7.1.1.2. Wealthy settlers stated in the united states in order to receive a better education at the high education schools.
7.1.1.2.1. Harvard, Yale, Princeton and Columbia are examples of the high education schools.
7.1.1.3. Ten of the schools well educated students would be chosen to attend the college of William and Mary.
7.1.2. Urbanization and the Progressive Impetus
7.1.2.1. Large amount of immigrants came to the United States from Northwest Europe.
7.1.2.2. This was a problematic time for americans due it being the First Industrial Revolution
7.1.2.3. John Dewey was an important philosopher during this time, but it is said that his influence on schooling is still with us.
7.1.2.3.1. Dewey was a contemporary and participated in the Progressive movement.
8. Schools as Organizations
8.1. State Senator
8.1.1. Steve Livingston
8.2. Senators
8.2.1. Richard Shelby
8.2.2. Jefferson Sessions
8.3. House of Representatives
8.3.1. Mike Hubbard
8.3.1.1. Speaker of the House
8.3.2. Victor Gaston
8.3.2.1. Speaker Pro Tempore
8.3.3. Jeffery Woodard
8.3.3.1. Clerk of the House
8.4. State Superintendent
8.4.1. Tommy Bice
8.5. Local Superintendent
8.5.1. Jason Barnett
8.6. Local School Board
8.6.1. Matt Sharp
8.6.1.1. Chairman
8.6.2. Jeff Williams
8.6.2.1. Vice chairman
8.6.3. Randy Peppers
8.6.4. Mark Richards
8.6.5. Terry Wootten
9. Equality of Opportunity
9.1. Special Education/Needs
9.1.1. Main focus in equality because that is something special education has issues with
9.1.2. Still has issues remaining due to theories not being completed
9.1.3. 1970 congress passed EHA
9.1.3.1. EHA main focus was for students to be placed in the correct curriculum classrooms.
9.1.3.2. This law became a big issue due to students being placed in classrooms where he or she couldn't complete the curriculum the same as the peers.
9.2. The Coleman Study
9.2.1. 1st Round
9.2.1.1. Scholars set out on voyage to complete a view of the characteristic of schools.
9.2.1.2. Equality of Education of a equal opportunity increased literature because everyone was granted equality.
9.2.2. 2nd Round
9.2.2.1. Studies found that private schools are better than public because the students get equal opportunities but this is due to the economic status.
9.2.2.2. The democratic views pertaining to catholic schools has been a big debate.
9.2.3. 3rd Round
9.2.3.1. Borman & Dowling began their experiment by applying a statistical tool. This tool was used to determine educational date.
9.2.3.2. Students go to certain schools based on their race and economic status. This affects the students academic success.