1. human-environment
1.1. Mountainous environment
1.1.1. More isolated groups of people each with their own identity
1.1.1.1. Conflict between regions was common
1.1.2. Cities were on valleys or coasts
1.1.3. Not a good environment for growing
1.2. had many forms of agriculture including ploughing
1.3. People died young; young men died in battle and young women died giving birth.
1.4. Close to the sea
1.4.1. Good land for fishing
1.4.2. Proximity to the Mediterranean was good for trading
1.5. Earthquakes and volcanoes could happen at any time
1.5.1. The Gods were unpredictable, but could be communicated to through oracles
2. social
2.1. had an established ancient Greek religion
2.1.1. this was a polytheistic religion
2.1.2. this religion was a huge part of their social lives as well as their culture
2.2. Funeral procession of mourners followed ashes or corpse to family burial plot
2.3. Women were sent to fetch the water daily from well
3. culture
3.1. they believed in many gods. such as demeter, the god of agriculture
3.2. Coins were not only used for exchange but were considered art
3.3. Bodies of the dead were cremated or burried
4. After-LIfe
4.1. Believed that dead travel across water in order to get to the afterlife.
4.1.1. Coffins were often bath tubs to symbolize the traveling across water.
4.1.2. they put coins on the eyes of the dead to pay the toll to cross the water in the afterlife
4.2. Lions served as grave markers
4.2.1. used as symbol of strength and courage, and guarded resting place of the dead.
5. political
5.1. Athletic training conditioned men for war.
5.2. Democracy, rule in the hands of the people.
5.2.1. Gave the people legal and political equality,
5.2.2. took power from wealthy people and tyrants and gave it to the citizens
5.2.3. Allowed to vote in public assemblies
5.3. Got rid of tyrants through ostracism: temporary banishment from a city by popular vote.
5.3.1. Two months later another vote was taken, if 6000 votes were taken the person who was most written down was banned for 10 years.
5.3.1.1. Could still keep property and good name.
5.3.1.2. If came back before 10 years then penalty was death.
5.4. City States
5.4.1. Athens was once a city state and is now the capitol of greece
6. economic(hale)
6.1. Demeter
6.1.1. goddess of agriculture and fertility
6.1.2. prayed to her and made sacrifices to her with dancing at special altars
6.2. plowed with oxen and sowed seed
6.2.1. in october, november, december
6.2.2. most work done by hand with
6.3. produce grains, olives, and wine
6.3.1. barley crops failed every 10 years, wheat every 4
6.4. land is inherited by males from their fathers, most people have land
6.4.1. upper classes have more land lower have much less
6.5. no herding was done for economic gain due to the poor climate
6.5.1. most families keep a small herd of animals (max 50 animals usually)
6.6. farmers produced surplus crop to trade (usually cereals, wine, olives, figs, pulses, eels, cheese, honey, and meat (especially from sheep and goats))
6.6.1. trade usually took place in town centers
6.6.1.1. here special officials checked product quality
6.6.2. trade locally and throughout the Mediterranean
6.6.2.1. taxes were low and many states even had free trade ports
6.6.2.2. most taxes targeted items that came from outside of greece, internal trade was encouraged
6.6.3. st regulates trade of grain that would be needed in later times of drought