1. Market based approach In the Market-based approach, the government gives citizens the freedom to decide how much they wish to pay for healthcare and allows market to determine the provision of services to meet healthcare needs.
1.1. MBA in USA Medical insurance company just want to focus on those who are able for the insurance without using it.
1.2. Challenges
1.2.1. Cost and coverage of medical insurance
2. Shared responsibility approach In the shared responsibility approach, the government intervenes through the provision of basic healthcare services and cost of some aspects of healthcare.
2.1. Both government and citizens play a part in keeping medical cost affordable. In Singapore, a portion of CPF is set aside for Medisave to help pay for healthcare.
2.2. Challenges
2.2.1. Rising healthcare cost
2.2.2. Demand for healthcare
3. Government-financed approach In the government financed approach, the government provides substantial subsidies and services for most of the healthcare needs of its citizens.
3.1. Sweden government helps to maintain the cost of healthcare by paying full amount of most of it
3.2. challenges:high number of taxation and growing number of people needing healthcare
4. Assimilation The policy of assimilation is whereimmigrants are expected to adopt the beliefs and practices of the majority group in the host country.
4.1. Assimilation in France France believes in the principle of Laïcité which means secularism. There is no religion favoured over another in France. The ideal of harmony is achieved through every individual putting aside their affiliations to race and ethnicity, religion and socio-economic status to display their national identity.
4.2. The government in France implemented assimilation policy in the area, education, employment and naturalization process.
4.2.1. Education There is no discussion about religious except in history and philosophy classes in the french classroom.
4.2.2. Employment The immigrants would need to pick up French language for the purpose of communicating with their colleagues.
4.2.3. Naturalisation process Immigrants undergo French language courses and attend day of civic education about life in France before gaining permanent residency
4.3. Tensions arising from assimilation Many of the immigrants hold on to their religious identity and this has created challenges as some French believe that French nation identity is threatened.
5. Integration Integration is where the immigrants retain their unique identities while forging common ground with the group already living in the host country.
5.1. Integration in Singapore Integration is emphasized through promoting equality without granting special rights to any particular racial, ethnic or religious group.
5.2. Integration initiatives
5.2.1. Naturalisation initiatives New Singapore citizens would go through a mandatory programme called the Singapore citizenship journey.
5.2.2. Common experience
5.2.3. Community support
5.3. Tensions
5.3.1. Singaporeans feel that their job security has been compromised as they have to compete with immigrants.
5.3.2. Immigrants are also blamed for causing increase in prices, constant traffic congestion and breakdowns