1. Organic Matter
2. Soil Texture/ Importance
2.1. Soil Texture is the fineness or coarseness of a soil
2.2. Types of particles
2.2.1. Sand
2.2.1.1. Is the largest mineral particle
2.2.2. Silt
2.2.2.1. Medium sized mineral particle
2.2.3. Clay
2.2.3.1. The smallest mineral particle
3. What is in the soil
3.1. Mineral Matter
3.2. Air
3.3. Water
4. How does soil form/lost
4.1. Physical and chemical weathering
4.2. 100 - 1,000 years for 1 cm
4.3. Forms from the bottom up
4.4. Soil is lost from erosion
4.4.1. 2.5 acres per year in Illinois
4.5. More Erosion than replacement of soil
5. Determining Texture
5.1. Ribbon Test
5.2. Fine Textured
5.2.1. A ribbon forms easily and remains long and flexible
5.3. Moderately Fine Textured
5.3.1. A ribbon forms but breaks into 3/4 to 1 inch long
5.4. Medium Textured
5.4.1. No ribbon forms the sample breaks into pieces less than 3/4 inch long the soil feels smooth and talc-like
5.5. Moderately-coarse Textured
5.5.1. No ribbon forms the sample feels gritty and lacks smoothness
5.6. Coarse Textured
5.6.1. no ribbon forms the sample is composed of almost entirely of gritty material and leaves little or no stain
6. Histosols
6.1. Molisols
7. Terms
7.1. Aggregates
7.1.1. Sand
7.2. Bulk Density
7.2.1. Silt
7.3. Clay
7.3.1. Soil Structure
7.4. Clods
7.4.1. Soil Texture
7.5. Loam
7.5.1. Soil Workability
7.6. Particle Density
7.6.1. Textural Triangle
7.7. Peds
7.7.1. Water-holding Capacity
7.8. Permeability
8. Soil Erosion Control
8.1. Contour Producing
8.2. Strip Cropping
8.3. Terracing
8.4. No till vs. tilling
9. Soil Structure/formation
9.1. Soil Formation
9.1.1. O
9.1.2. A
9.1.3. E (A2)
9.1.4. B
9.1.5. C
9.1.6. R
9.2. Soil Changes
9.2.1. Additions
9.2.2. Losses
9.2.3. Translocations
9.2.4. Transformations
10. USDA Soil Taxonomy System
10.1. Alfisols
10.1.1. Forests
10.1.2. High Fertility
10.1.3. Subsurface= high
10.1.4. clay content
10.1.5. Northern Europe
10.1.6. Coasts of Australia
10.2. Andisols
10.2.1. Volcanic Activity
10.2.2. High water holding capacity
10.2.3. coffee, tea
10.2.4. Caribbean, Central Mexico
10.3. Aridisols
10.3.1. Calcium Carbonate
10.3.2. Dry
10.3.3. SW US, N. Africa
10.3.4. Middle East, W Australia
10.4. Entisols
10.4.1. Mostly A Horizon
10.4.2. Recent Origin
10.4.3. Catch all soil Order
10.4.4. Near steep surfaces
10.4.5. Central Africa, Central Australia