1. Mindmap
2. Unit 2 Lesson 5
2.1. rock
2.1.1. a rock is a natural substance made of solid crystals of different minerals that have been mixed together into a small lump
2.2. mineral
2.2.1. an element with an orderly internal structure
2.3. crystalization
2.3.1. the process of forming crystals.
2.4. igneous extrusive rock
2.4.1. Extrusive rock refers to the mode of igneous volcanic rock formation where hot magma from inside the Earth flows out onto the surface as lava / explodes
2.5. Igneous intrusive rock
2.5.1. Intrusive rock is formed when magma penetrates existing rock, crystallizes, and becomes solid underground
2.6. Sedimentary rock
2.6.1. Sedimentary rocks are formed on or near the Earth's surface
2.7. Lithification
2.7.1. Lithification is the process in which sediments compact under pressure
2.8. Compaction
2.8.1. The process of making something more compact, or dense and very tightly packed together
2.9. Cementation
2.9.1. Cementation is the precipitation of a material around, thereby filling the pores of a sediment.
2.10. Metamorphic rock
2.10.1. Metamorphic rocks started out as some other type of rock, but have been substantially changed from their original igneous, sedimentary, or earlier metamorphic form
3. Unit 2 Lesson 4
3.1. Physical Weathering
3.1.1. physical weathering is the process that breaks rocks apart without changing their chemical composition
3.2. Frost Wedging
3.2.1. Frost wedging is a process that happens when water gets into cracks in rocks, then freezes and expands
3.3. abrasion
3.3.1. Abrasion is a process of erosion which occurs when material being transported wears away at a surface over time
3.4. wind abrasion
3.4.1. the process of erosion produced by the suspended particles that impact on solid objects.
3.5. water abrasion
3.5.1. happens when the sediment carried by a river scours the bed and banks, contributing to erosion
3.6. glacial abrasion
3.6.1. Glacial abrasion is a wear of a bedrock surface by rock fragments transported at the base of a glacier .
3.7. chemical weathering
3.7.1. the interaction of rock with mineral solutions (chemicals) to change the composition of rocks
3.8. oxidation
3.8.1. the loss of electrons during a reaction by a molecule, atom or ion
3.9. hydrolysis
3.9.1. Hydrolysis is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds.
3.10. carbonation
3.10.1. Carbonation is the chemical reaction of carbon dioxide to give carbonates, bicarbonates, and carbonic acid.
3.11. erosion
3.11.1. Erosion is the action of surface processes that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust and then transports it to another location
3.12. deposition
3.12.1. Deposition is when pieces of the Earth are deposited somewhere else
3.13. small scale erosion
3.14. surface runoff
3.14.1. Surface runoff is the unconfined flow of water over the ground surface
3.15. coastal erosion
3.15.1. Coastal erosion is the loss or displacement of land, or the long-term removal of sediment and rocks along the coastline due to the action of waves, currents, tides, wind-driven water, waterborne ice, or other impacts of storms.
3.16. large scale erosion
3.17. mass wasting
3.17.1. the movement of rock and soil down slope under the influence of gravity
3.18. glacial movement
3.18.1. the motion of glaciers, which can be likened to rivers of ice.
4. Unit 2 Lesson 3
4.1. Convergent boundary
4.1.1. When two plates come together, it is known as a convergent boundary.
4.2. Divergent boundary
4.2.1. A divergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other
4.3. Transform boundary
4.3.1. Transform boundaries are places where plates slide sideways past each other
4.4. Subduction
4.4.1. the action or process in plate tectonics of the edge of one crustal plate descending below the edge of another.
4.5. Fault
4.5.1. a planar or gently curved fracture in the rocks of Earth's crust
4.6. Fault block mountains
4.6.1. formed by the movement of large crustal blocks along faults formed when tensional forces pull apart the crust
4.7. Volcano
4.7.1. Volcanoes are openings, or vents where lava, tephra (small rocks), and steam erupt onto the Earth's surface.
4.8. Volcanic arc
4.8.1. a belt of volcanoes formed above a subducting oceanic tectonic plate
4.9. Earthquake
4.9.1. An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another. The surface where they slip is called the fault or fault plane.
4.10. Fault zone
4.10.1. an area in which there are several closely spaced faults.
4.11. Landslide
4.11.1. sliding down of a mass of earth or rock from a mountain or cliff
4.12. Tsunami
4.12.1. A tsunami is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake.
4.13. Impact crater
4.13.1. a crater on a planet or moon caused by the impact of a meteorite or other object, typically circular with a raised rim.
5. Unit 1 Lesson 1
5.1. Vocab words
5.1.1. Qualitative Characteristics
5.1.1.1. relevance and faithful representation
5.1.2. Quantitative Characteristics
5.1.2.1. focusing on numerating & unchanging data
5.1.3. Mass
5.1.3.1. the property of the matter
5.1.4. Weight
5.1.4.1. somethings relative mass
5.1.5. Volume
5.1.5.1. length/width/height
5.1.6. Density
5.1.6.1. a substances mass
5.1.7. Chemical Properties
5.1.7.1. any of a materials propertys
5.1.8. Flammability
5.1.8.1. a measure of how quickly it takes to catch an object on fire
5.1.9. Oxidation
5.1.9.1. A chemical change that has the transfer of electrons or oxygen with atoms
5.1.10. Reactivity
5.1.10.1. the state or power of being reactive
5.1.11. Solubility
5.1.11.1. the maximum concetration
6. Unit 1 Lesson 2
6.1. Vocab words
6.1.1. Chemical changes
6.1.1.1. when bonds are broken and new ones form
6.1.2. Chemical reactions
6.1.2.1. when a substance is changed into at least one new substance
6.1.3. Chemical equations
6.1.3.1. a represation of a chemical reaction
6.1.4. Products
6.1.4.1. a species formed from a chemical reaction
6.1.5. Reactants
6.1.5.1. a substance that undergoes change
6.1.6. Coefficients
6.1.6.1. a quantity placed before the variable
6.1.7. Antoine Lavoisier
6.1.7.1. he is the man who established the law of conservation of mass
6.1.8. Law of conservation of mass
6.1.8.1. this shows that matter cannot be created/destroyed, merely transferred.
6.1.9. Atomic mass
6.1.9.1. the mass of an atom
7. Unit 1 Lesson 3
7.1. Vocab words
7.1.1. Chemical potential energy
7.1.1.1. the energy stored in the chemical bonds
7.1.2. Endothermic reaction
7.1.2.1. chemical reactions where the reactants absorb heat energy
7.1.3. Exothermic reaction
7.1.3.1. chemical reactions that release energy
7.1.4. Concentration in reactions
7.1.4.1. Increasing the concentration
7.1.5. Law of conservation of energy
7.1.5.1. the energy in an isolated system can be conserved for some time
8. Unit 2 Lesson 1
8.1. Vocab words
8.1.1. Pangea
8.1.1.1. the ancient supercontinent, comprising all the present continents joined together
8.1.2. Continental drift
8.1.2.1. the gradual movement of the continents across the earth's surface through time
8.1.3. Rock formation evidence
8.1.3.1. rock layers with plant fossils and no shells, indicating a change from land to water over time
8.1.4. Glacial features evidence
8.1.5. Coal deposite evidence
8.1.5.1. the continent was once inhabited by many organisms
8.1.6. Fossil evidence
8.1.6.1. how creatures evolved and how this process can be represented by a 'tree of life', showing that all species are related to each other. Fossils can also be used to date rocks.
8.1.7. Alfred wegner
8.1.7.1. he is mainly remembered as the originator of continental drift hypothesis by showing in 1912 that the continents are slowly drifting around the earth
9. Unit 2 lesson 2
9.1. ocean floor topography
9.1.1. shows the depth of water in oceans, rivers, and lakes and they are set up very similarly to topographic maps
9.2. mid ocean ridges
9.2.1. The mid-ocean ridge is formed where two tectonic plates meet under the ocean. This divergent boundary creates mountains, valleys like the famous rift valley, volcanoes, and sometimes earthquakes.
9.3. ocean trenches
9.3.1. An ocean trench is an indentation in the ocean floor and is the deepest area of the ocean. Trenches are formed because of subduction, which happens when tectonic plates collide and push one plate under the other. the Trenches can be found all over the surface floor of the ocean at subduction zones.
9.4. ischron maps
9.4.1. An isochrone map is a visual representation of which areas you can reach within a given time or distance
9.5. seafloor spreading
9.5.1. the formation of new areas of oceanic crust, which occurs through the upwelling of magma at midocean ridges and its subsequent outward movement on either side.
9.6. magma
9.6.1. hot fluid material below / within the earth's crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed on cooling.
9.7. lava
9.7.1. hot molten rock erupted from a volcano
9.8. plate tectonics
9.8.1. the idea or theory that the earth's crust is made of large chunks of land, or plates, that move over time.