1. Chapter 1 | Overview Of Critical Events Related to Hong Kong
1.1. 1.1 | The Historical Fact before 1997
1.1.1. Overview
1.1.1.1. 18th Century
1.1.1.1.1. Sino-British Trade Issues in the 18th Century
1.1.1.2. mid-19th century
1.1.1.2.1. two armed conflicts between
1.1.1.3. Opium
1.1.1.3.1. contains
1.1.1.3.2. leads to addiction
1.1.2. First Opium War (1839-1842)
1.1.2.1. 18th Century
1.1.2.1.1. Foreign traders (primarily British) had been illegally exporting opium mainly from India to China
1.1.2.2. 1820
1.1.2.2.1. Opium trade grew dramatically
1.1.2.3. 1839
1.1.2.3.1. The Destruction of Opium at Humen
1.1.2.3.2. **Death of Chinese Villager Lin Weixi**
1.1.2.4. 1840
1.1.2.4.1. Destruction of a Chinese blockade of the Pearl River estuary at Hong Kong by British warships
1.1.2.4.2. Convention of Chuenpi 《穿鼻草約》
1.1.2.5. 1841
1.1.2.5.1. May
1.1.2.6. 1842
1.1.2.6.1. Spring
1.1.2.6.2. Late August
1.1.2.6.3. August 29
1.1.2.7. 1843
1.1.2.7.1. October 8
1.1.3. Second Opium War / Arrow War / Anglo-French War (1856-1860)
1.1.3.1. After signing the Treaty of Nanjing
1.1.3.1.1. Strong Anti-Foreign Sentiment among the local residents
1.1.3.1.2. **Ye Mingchen (葉名琛)** - Governor-General of Guangdong and Guangxi
1.1.3.2. 1854
1.1.3.2.1. Proposal to Revised the Treaty by the Western Countries
1.1.3.3. 1856
1.1.3.3.1. The Arrow Incident
1.1.3.3.2. Death of French priest Auguste Chapdelaine
1.1.3.3.3. Capture of Guangzhou by the Western Countries
1.1.3.4. 1858
1.1.3.4.1. June
1.1.3.4.2. May
1.1.3.5. 1860
1.1.3.5.1. October
1.1.3.6. 1898
1.1.3.6.1. October
1.2. 1.2 | Handover of HK in 1997
1.2.1. One Country, Two Systems
1.2.1.1. Hong Kong as a British colony
1.2.1.1.1. Hong Kong Question
1.2.1.1.2. Sino-British Joint Declaration
1.2.1.2. **One China**
1.2.1.2.1. socialist system
1.2.1.2.2. capitalist systems
1.2.1.3. Basic Law
1.2.1.3.1. stipulates the various systems implemented in the HKSAR
1.2.1.3.2. a constitutional document of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR)
1.2.1.3.3. clearly states and implements
1.2.1.3.4. stipulates important principles
1.2.1.3.5. outlines the blueprint for the future development of the HKSAR
1.2.2. The Wave of Emigration
1.2.2.1. **Emigration**
1.2.2.1.1. leaving your own country and going to live permanently in another country
1.2.2.2. Two Major Waves of Emigration during post-war period
1.2.2.2.1. 1958-61
1.2.2.2.2. 1967
1.2.2.3. characteristics of the emigrants
1.2.2.3.1. "yuppies"
1.2.2.4. Sino-British Joint Declaration
1.2.2.4.1. refer to above
1.2.2.4.2. a larage pool of of potential emigrants wished and planned to leave to leave at that time
1.2.3. Reasons for Emigration
1.2.3.1. Political Unpredictability
1.2.3.1.1. No confidence in the Special Administrative Region government
1.2.3.1.2. No faith in the British government's ability to handle their future affairs.
1.2.3.1.3. Worries about the increase of corruption cases
1.2.3.1.4. Crisis of legitmacy and the governability of Hong Kong
1.2.3.2. Economic Uncertainty
1.2.3.2.1. Potential economic downturns or changes in the business environment under Chinese rule
1.2.3.3. Social Instability
1.2.3.3.1. Collective Pessimism
1.2.3.3.2. Curtailment of civil rights
1.2.3.3.3. Reduction of individual liberty
1.2.3.3.4. Decline of the legal system
1.2.3.3.5. Deterioration in living standard
1.2.3.4. the British National Scheme
1.2.3.4.1. enacted in 1990
1.2.3.4.2. introduced by the British government
1.2.3.4.3. 50,000 households in Hong Kong will be granted full British citizenship without residential requirements in the United Kingdom
1.2.4. Effects of the Wave of Emigration
1.2.4.1. lost the support of critical social groups
1.3. 1.3 | Indigenous People in Hong Kong
1.3.1. mid-nineteenth century
1.3.1.1. many residents from coastal provinces in China have moved to Hong Kong
1.3.1.1.1. to escape from war or famine
1.3.1.2. four ethnic groups that settled in Hong Kong
1.3.1.2.1. the Punti (本地)
1.3.1.2.2. the Hoklo/ Foklo
1.3.1.2.3. the Hakka
1.3.1.2.4. the Tanka people/ Boat Dweller
1.3.2. Economic Activities of the Indigenoys People
1.3.2.1. people choose their own style of living according to
1.3.2.1.1. their customs
1.3.2.1.2. the geographical conditions of the places they live in
1.3.2.2. Economic Activities
1.3.2.2.1. Farming
1.3.2.2.2. Trading
1.3.2.2.3. Fishing
1.3.2.2.4. Pearl Hunting
1.3.2.2.5. Making Salt
1.3.2.2.6. Oyster Farming
1.3.2.2.7. Lime Making
1.3.2.2.8. Incense Making
2. Chapter 2 | Hong Kong Government and The Election System
2.1. 2.1 | The relationship between the PRC and HKSAR
2.1.1. One Country, Two Systems
2.1.1.1. The Sino-Bristish Joint Declaration
2.1.1.1.1. the Chinese government established the **Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR)**
2.1.1.2. One Country
2.1.1.3. Two Systems
2.1.2. PRC
2.1.2.1. National People's Congress (NPC)
2.1.2.1.1. is the highest organ of **state power** in China
2.1.2.1.2. is composed of deputies to
2.1.2.2. Standing Comittee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC)
2.1.2.2.1. members are taken from the depties to the National People's Congress
2.1.2.2.2. the permanent organ of the NPC when it is not in session
2.1.2.2.3. for exercising the state power on behalf of the NPC according to the law
2.1.2.3. State Council (Central People's Government)
2.1.2.3.1. the highest organ of **state administration**
2.1.2.3.2. responsible for managing the administrative affairs and external affairs of the state
2.1.2.3.3. reports to the national People's Congress
2.1.3. HKSAR
2.1.3.1. Election Committee
2.1.3.1.1. responsible for electing the Chief Executive designate
2.1.3.1.2. part of the Members of the LegCo
2.1.3.1.3. responsible for nominating candidates for
2.1.3.1.4. requirements of being a member
2.1.3.1.5. term of office
2.1.3.1.6. composed of 1500 members from five sectors
2.1.3.1.7. either appointed by the pro-Beijing groups or voting within the five sectors
2.1.3.2. Functional Constituencies
2.1.3.2.1. consist of a group of professionals and special interest group
2.1.3.2.2. individual elector and cooperate elector under the functional constituencies
2.1.3.2.3. only registered electors can vote in the LegCo Functional Constituency Elections to elect your representative
2.1.3.3. Geographical Constituencies
2.1.3.3.1. the territory of Hong Kong is divided into ten Geographical Constituencies
2.1.3.4. Represetative Government
2.1.3.4.1. a system of government in which people elect representatives to express their opinions in official discussions and deal with public affairs for them.
2.1.3.4.2. the systems can be classified as having either
2.1.3.5. Legislative Council (LegCo)
2.1.3.5.1. the Legislative Council is the legislature of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
2.1.3.5.2. the term of office is four years
2.1.3.5.3. it is the seven-term of office of the LegCo in 2022
2.1.3.5.4. shall be composed of 90 members as follows from
2.1.3.5.5. powers and functions
2.1.3.6. Chief Executive
2.1.3.6.1. the head of HKSAR and the head of HKSAR Government
2.1.3.6.2. the term of office shall be **five years**
2.1.3.6.3. Eligibility
2.1.3.6.4. Responsibilities
2.1.3.6.5. Methods for being a Chief Executive
2.2. 2.2 | Electoral System and Double Universal Suffrage
2.2.1. Double Universal Suffrage
2.2.1.1. Importance
2.2.1.1.1. Promoting the Development of Democratic Politics in Hong Kong
2.2.1.1.2. Strengthening the legitimacy of the HKSAR
2.2.1.1.3. Promoting the accountability of the Governemnt and Legislative Councilors to the Public
2.2.1.2. is one of the goals laid out in the Basic Law
2.2.1.2.1. stipulates that
2.2.2. Universal Suffrage
2.2.2.1. Definition
2.2.2.1.1. Every citizen has universal and equal rights in elections
2.2.2.2. Context
2.2.2.2.1. World War I (WW1)
2.2.2.3. Meaning
2.2.2.3.1. Everyone is born equal
2.2.2.3.2. for all people to enjoy equal rights of political participation