Language, culture and society

1. Method of Linguisit

1.1. Autonomus Linguistics

1.2. linguistic anthropology or or sociolinguistics

1.3. Field work components

1.4. Structural linguists, then, were interested in scientifically and objectively analyzing and describing the world’s languages, as well as tracing their historical relationships and typologies. They developed extensive methodologies and tools to find the rules and patterns that governed a language’s sound system {page 34 para 2)

1.5. Anthropology linguists is a study of cultural phenomena . the social norms and the structure and the history of the language. They collect the data through field work and study the language.

2. Nuts and Bolts of Phonetics and Phonology

2.1. articulatory phonetics

2.2. phonetic transcription

2.3. Sound and symbols

2.4. The Anatomy and physiology of speech

2.5. Articulation of speech

2.6. For the production of voiced sounds, such as those making up the word buzz, the cords are drawn together and made to vibrate as the airstream forces its way between them; in whispering, they are brought close together, with the glottis narrowed. ( Page 53 para 3)

2.7. Phonology is the study of speech and sound. Phonetics is the speech sound and mainly focuses on the vocal cord. The Anatomy and physiology of speech involves how the respiratory system , vocal cord, and Larynx helps in producing speech.

3. Nut and bolts of structure of words and sentence

3.1. Morphemes

3.2. Allomorphs

3.3. Morphological process

3.4. Morphophonemics

3.5. The study of languages and linguistics has been documented for ancient Greece as early as two and a half millennia ago. At about that time, the earliest preserved scientific grammar was compiled in India.9 page 90 para 3)

3.6. Morphemes is a unit of language and focuses on study of the meaning of the word. Allomorphs have different sounds mainly focused on the sound of the word . Morphological process is when exciting words get a new meaning to form into a new word.

4. Linguistic Anthropology

4.1. History of Anthropology

4.2. Archaeology

4.3. grammar and vocabulary

4.4. Linguistics does not refer to the study of a particular language for the purpose of learning to speak it; rather, it refers to the analytical study of language, any language, to reveal its structure( page 23 para 3)

4.5. There are four sub stages in the study of Linguistic anthropology : Descriptive linguistics, Ethnolinguistics, Historical linguistics ,Sociolinguistics. It means the study of language , the relationship of language , culture and society.