AT2- Nucleic acids encode protein synthesis via a universal triplet code, with DNA, 3 types of RN...
A breif concept map covering nucleic acids, gene structures, transcription and translation.
1. Genes are a sequence of bases in DNA that code for a protein.
1.1. Gene Structures
1.1.1. exons
1.1.1.1. sections of mRNA that are "expressed" or translated into protein
1.1.2. introns
1.1.2.1. sections of mRNA that do NOT code for a protein. Are found in DNA and pre-mRNA. NOT FOUND in mature mRNA.
2. Nucleic Acids
2.1. DNA
2.1.1. double stranded, made from phosphate, ribose and nitrogenous bases: Adenine, Cytosine, Guanince and Thymine
2.1.1.1. template strand the strand used in transcription
2.1.1.2. coding strand The strand who's information is copied. Will have the same sequence as the mRNA strand.
2.2. RNA
2.2.1. single stranded, made from phosphate, ribose and nitrogenous base, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanince and Uracil
2.2.1.1. tRNA
2.2.1.1.1. transfer RNA that brings amino acids to the ribosome
2.2.1.2. rRNA
2.2.1.2.1. rRNA and its associated proteins make up the ribosome.
2.2.1.3. mRNA
2.2.1.3.1. pre-mRNA
2.2.1.3.2. Mature mRNA
3. Transcription
3.1. Occurs in the Nucleus
3.1.1. RNA polymerase binds to DNA, DNA splits into 2 strands leaving bases exposed, and RNA polymerase adds complimentary bases to the DNA TEMPLATE strand, creating mRNA which is a copy of the CODING strand.
3.1.1.1. both introns and exons are transcribed (pre-mRNA)
3.1.1.1.1. proteins remove introns, and exons join together as one strand. (mature mRNA)
3.1.2. RNA polymerase detaches from DNA and it closes again.
4. Translation
4.1. Occurs in the Ribosome
4.1.1. mRNA binds to the ribosme via rRNA
4.1.1.1. The ribosome reads the mRNA and send out signals for t-RNA to come for amino acid chain building
4.1.1.1.1. tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA codons. t-RNA with specific amino acids have anti-codons which bind to the mRNA codons. The amino acids on the t-RNA are joined together and release from t-RNA, forming an amino acid chain.