1. Qualitative Phytochemical Screening of certain plants in solvents with different polarities.
1.1. **Articles Summaries**
1.2. What did other researchers investigate?
1.2.1. The researchers explored the phytochemical profile and antioxidant properties of n-hexane, chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extracts of P. conjugatum leaves. (Afrose et al., 2024)
1.2.2. The researchers investigated the bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity of Gmelina philippensis Cham leaf extract in various solvents.(Shaikh, et al., 2022)
1.2.3. The researchers have investigated the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of G. ulmifolia using the various polarities of solvents. (Rafi et al., 2020)
1.2.4. The researchers determined which extract has the highest antioxidant activity for DPPH and CUPRAC. (Rafi et al., 2020)
1.2.5. Investigated the effect of solvent polarity on extraction efficiency of phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activity of three varieties of bean. (Nawaz et al., 2020)
1.2.6. The effect of solvent polarity on extraction efficiency of phytochemical and antioxidant compounds of three varieties of bean was studied by consecutive extraction in a series of solvents with increasing polarity. (Nawaz et al., 2020)
1.2.7. The researchers assess the polyphenolic profile, and antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, and cytotoxic potential of Seriphidium kurra-mense (Qazilb.) Y. R. Ling extracts using different extracts. (Ali et al., 2022)
1.2.8. Verified that the tested extracts have better antibacterial action against gram negative bacterial strains in comparison to gram positive,however noteworthy activity against gram positive bacteria is also apparent.(Ali et al., 2022)
1.2.9. Antioxidant activities of the crude extracts from O. africana were found to depend on the concentration used, with extract from ethanol exhibiting the highest antioxidant activity. (Adem et al., 2020)
1.2.10. All plant extracts showed antibacterial activity; however, they differ in their activities against bacterial pathogens. (Adem et al., 2020)
1.2.11. The chemical composition of plant material and the extracting solvent played a significant role in the concentration of bioactive compounds obtained from medicinal plants as observed in this study. (Adem et al., 2020)
1.2.12. In the present study, the effect of solvent polarity (using seven different solvents i.e., methanol, ethanol, acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, hexane, and water separately) on Delphinium denudatum was estimated for its secondary metabolites production, antioxidants, and antimicrobial activities. (Kurami, et al., 2024)
1.3. **What have other researchers found about the STEM phenomenon through their research?**
1.3.1. The study reported the antimicrobial activity of G. philippensis Cham against methanolic extract only. (Shaikh et. al, 2022)
1.3.2. This study also verifies the plant's antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Leaf extracts of Gmelina philippensis Cham. have antibacterial activity, making them a potential source of antimicrobial agents to combat pathogenic infections that are rapidly becoming resistant to antimicrobial medicines.(Shaikh et. al, 2022)
1.3.3. The researches proved that the use of sonication assisted maceration with different polarity solvents is a crucial factor in optimization of extract yield and its relationship with biological behaviors. (Ali et al., 2022)
1.3.4. The influence of extraction solvents on the concentration of plant materials extracted and subsequent antimicrobial testing, and concluded that extraction is the most important step in analysis of herbal preparations and that each different solvent for the extraction has its strengths and weaknesses. (Adem et al., 2020)
1.3.5. The researches proved that the use of sonication assisted maceration with different polarity solvents is a crucial factor in optimization of extract yield and its relationship with biological behaviors. (Ali et al., 2022)
1.3.6. The TLC profiling of the six extracts revealed several phytochemicals with different Rf values in different solvent systems and this suggested that more than one compound was responsible for the antimicrobial activity. (Adem et al., 2020)
1.3.7. The antimicrobial activity exhibited by leaf extracts of O. africana makes it a potential source of antimicrobial agents to combat pathogenic infections, which are vastly becoming resistant to antimicrobial drugs. (Adem et al., 2020)
1.4. **What have you found that can still be investigated further along this line of inquiry? What recommendations from previous research is a good idea for a new research?**
1.4.1. Further detailed in vitro and in vivo correlation studies along with the isolation of active constituents are needed to unravel novel treatment strategies for free radical-induced diseases. (Adem, et al., 2020)
1.4.2. The plant extracts of the leaves, shoots,and roots of D. denudatum are rich in antioxidants and antibacterial compounds. Future research should be done to find out whether they have antidiabetic, antiproliferative, and anticancer properties.(Kumari, et al., 2024)
1.5. **NOTES ON FEASIBILITY**
1.5.1. There are plants that are currently unexplored in terms of using different sovents as a method of extraction.
1.5.2. Many studies on certain plants are quantitative, thus are still unexplored qualitatively.
2. Pharmacological effects of phyto-derived chemicals from of plants (Romano et al., 2021)
2.1. Antimicrobial
2.2. Antioxidant
2.3. Anti-inflammatory
2.4. Analgesic
2.5. Anticancer
2.6. Antidiabetic
2.7. Cardioprotective
2.8. Neuroprotective
2.9. Antidepressant and Anxiolytic
2.10. Wound Healing
2.11. Anti-obesity
2.12. Anthelmintic
3. **Ethnomedical, phytochemistry, and pharmacological uses and functions of certain plants.**
3.1. **Articles Summaries**
3.1.1. *Ziziphus mucronata * (Mongalo et al., 2020)
3.1.1.1. Medicinal Uses
3.1.1.1.1. Respiratory Issues
3.1.1.1.2. Sexually Transmiited Infections
3.1.1.1.3. Gastrointestinal Issues
3.1.1.1.4. Other Uses
3.1.1.2. Phytochemistry
3.1.1.2.1. Active Compounds
3.1.1.3. Pharmacological Properties
3.1.1.3.1. Antimicrobial
3.1.1.3.2. Antiviral
3.1.1.3.3. Antioxidant
3.1.1.3.4. Anti-inflammatory
3.1.1.3.5. Antidiabetic
3.1.1.4. Toxicology
3.1.1.4.1. Brine Shrimp Assay
3.1.1.4.2. Cytotoxicity
3.1.1.4.3. Heavy Metals
3.2. **NOTES O FEASIBILITY**
3.2.1. Pharmacological properties are broad (there are countless properties i.e antioxidant and antimicrobial).
3.2.2. Many researches about a specific plant and specific properties are quite outdated, other parts of the plant can also be used and explored.
4. **Phytochemical investigation of the Poaceae family.**
4.1. Article Summaries
4.1.1. *Digitaria abyssinica * (Sapnuyo et al., 2023)
4.1.1.1. Phytochemical Composition
4.1.1.1.1. Extract Types
4.1.1.1.2. Key Compounds Found
4.1.1.1.3. Toxicity
4.1.1.1.4. Antimicrobial Activity
4.1.1.1.5. Antifungal Activity
4.2. **NOTES ON FEASIBILTY**
4.2.1. Observations of phytochemical screening serve as a good guide for further research into how phytochemical groups affect a plant's biological activity.
4.2.2. **FEASIBLE PLANTS**
4.2.2.1. ***Paspalum conjugatum ***
4.2.2.1.1. Paspalum conjugatum has the potential to yield chemically and physiologically fascinating therapeutic candidates, and it may be further investigated against a variety of ailments to determine its undiscovered effectiveness. (Afrose et al., 2024)
4.2.2.1.2. Phytochemical analysis of Paspalum Conjugatum under different solvent extracts indicated the existence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and glycosides. The existence of many chemical groups suggests that P. conjugatum has diverse impacts on health. (Afrose et al., 2024)
4.2.2.1.3. The P. conjugatum extracts obtained from n-hexane, chloroform, and ethanol exhibited significant antioxidant activity. Surprisingly, the values are considerably more than the conventional antioxidants that were evaluated at the same concentration. (Afrose et al., 2024)