1. Factors Influencing Rate
1.1. Composition
1.2. Temperature & Pressure
1.3. Mass & Heat Transfer Rates
1.4. Presence of inert and catalyst
2. CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING
3. Collision Theory
3.1. Core Concept
3.1.1. Application and Uses
3.2. Particles collide with sufficient energy and proper orientation
3.2.1. Application: Gas-phase reactions and simple molecular interactions
3.3. Fraction of collisions leads to product formation.
3.4. Oversimplifies molecular interactions and doesn’t account for reaction intermediates.
4. Transition State Theory
4.1. Focuses on the formation of a high-energy activated complex (transition state)
4.2. Illustrates energy changes during a reaction, highlighting the transition state
4.2.1. Application: Used to predict reaction mechanisms and energy barriers in complex chemical reactions.
4.2.1.1. Connection Between Theories
4.2.1.1.1. Collision Theory & TST: Collision theory emphasizes energy and orientation, while TST focuses on the transition state’s energy barrier
4.2.1.1.2. TST & Arrhenius Equation: TST provides a molecular-level interpretation of the Arrhenius equation’s parameters.
4.2.1.1.3. Collision Theory & Arrhenius Equation: Collision frequency and energy factors in collision theory align with the Arrhenius pre-exponential factor and activation energy.
4.3. Reaction rate depends on the energy difference between reactants and the transition state
5. Arrehinieus Law
5.1. Reaction rate increases with temperature due to the exponential term
5.1.1. Application: Temperature affects of reaction rates in chemical kinetics and industrial processes.