1. either in WW1
1.1. triple entente
1.1.1. France, Britain, Russia
1.2. triple alliance
1.2.1. Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
1.3. causes of WW1 MAIN
1.3.1. Militarism
1.3.1.1. Building up armed forces, getting ready for war
1.3.2. Alliances
1.3.2.1. agreements or promises to defend and help another country
1.3.3. Imperialism
1.3.3.1. Trying to build up an Empire
1.3.4. Nationalism
1.3.4.1. Having pride in your country, willing to defend it
1.4. involved the conflict over conscription
1.4.1. some people were for it because they thought all men that have the capability to fight should fight
1.4.2. some disagreed because they thought young boys shouldn't be forced to fight in a war when they should have a choice
1.5. The battle of the Somme
1.5.1. July 1st 1916-November 1916
1.5.2. Is sometimes called "the bloodiest battle"
1.5.3. Haig (British commander) wanted to destroy the German trenches and the barbered wires.
1.5.4. 60,000 causalities ( 24,000 Canadians)
1.6. The battle of Vimy Ridge
1.6.1. They followed a specific plan
1.6.1.1. plan was showed by using maps, and aerial photographs.
1.6.1.2. practiced the plan using scale models and used tunnels
1.6.1.3. have a front line of bombs and slowly move towards the German trenches using soldiers and their machine guns and weapons
1.6.2. April 9th, 1917- April 12th, 1917
1.6.3. 11,285 Canadians died
1.7. The battle of Passchendaele
1.7.1. was in Belgium
1.7.2. July 11th, 1917-November 10th, 1917
1.7.3. Canadians wanted to capture the ridge from Germany
2. some countries, still didn't allow women to vote during and/or after WW11
2.1. September 1st 1939
2.1.1. Germany invades Poland
2.1.2. Briatin and France declared war on Germany but Canada wasn't quite ready
2.2. The War In Europe
2.2.1. Allies
2.2.1.1. Britain,France, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand
2.2.2. Axis
2.2.2.1. Germany, Italy, and Japan
2.2.3. "phony war", nothing happened for 7 months
2.3. April 1940
2.3.1. Blitzkrieg "lightning war"
2.3.2. Germany destroyed communication and transportation links
2.3.3. Germany attacked Denmark and Norway
2.4. Battle at Dunkirk (May 10th, 1940)
2.4.1. Germany invades Netherlands and go into Belgium and France (Blitzkrieg)
2.4.2. Allies escaped into the sea
2.4.3. May 20th, 1940 German air force bombed Dunkirk
2.4.4. June 22nd, 1940 Germany captured France
2.5. Battle of Britain ("Operation Sea Lion") July 10th, 1940
2.5.1. mostly used planes to bomb the country (destroyed building and streets)
2.5.2. Britain had a radar system and Britain used the powerful "Spitfire" and "Hurricanes" planes
2.5.3. Germany lost the battle
2.5.4. left many dead
2.6. Operation Barbarossa
2.6.1. invasion of Russia that Germany surrounded in 1943
2.6.2. German troops surrounded Russian troops and it gained control of the Russians oil fields and they reached Stalingrad but the harsh winter made them suffer
2.7. The war in the Pacific (December 7th,1941)
2.7.1. Japan bombed Hawaii
2.7.2. US declared war on Japan, but Japans partners joined the battle and invaded Hong Kong (Britain's colony)
2.7.2.1. Hong Kong surrender on Christmas 1941
2.7.3. 1975 Canadians killed or taken away
2.8. The Dieppe Raid (August 19th, 1942)
2.8.1. attack on Dieppe that was a complete fail
2.8.1.1. late start, bad communication, and Germans met them at the sea.
2.9. The Battle of the Atlantic (1940-1944)
2.9.1. Germany destroyed ships that carried supplies and food
2.9.2. 1942-1943: Britain finds out Germany's naval code so they were able to find Germany's submarine movement
2.9.3. 1943: Germany starts loosing and Canada's navy forces became stronger
2.9.3.1. Canada had the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF)
2.9.4. Had women deliver planes to Britain and be cooks, hospital assistants, engine mechanics, etc.
2.9.5. Invasion of Italy
2.9.5.1. Germany invaded Italy and Sicily that lasted two years
2.9.6. slow battles due to muddy conditions, and cold rainy weather
2.9.7. Germany withdrew in the battle for the city Ortona
2.9.8. June 4th, 1944: Germany reached Rome and took it over
2.10. D-Day and liberation- "Operation overload" (June 6th,1944)
2.10.1. attacks on the beach by air attacks and paratroopers dropped behind the German lines
2.10.2. details of the attack was secret and Germany's defense was poorly planned
2.10.3. March 1945
2.10.3.1. allied forced attacked Germany
2.10.4. April 17th 1945
2.10.4.1. Canadians defeated Germany and forced Netherlands
2.10.5. May 7th, 1945
2.10.5.1. Allies and Soviet worked together to attack from two sides. Allies from the West and Soviet Union from the East
2.10.5.2. Hitler kills himself
2.11. The Freeing Of Netherlands (February 8th, 1945)
2.11.1. 175,000 Canadians where part of this battle
2.11.2. Canadian forces and the "Rhine Offensive" pushed the Germans out of Netherlands
2.11.2.1. Canadian forces and the "Rhine offensive" continued into Northern Germany
2.11.3. May 5th there was a cease fire that was declared
2.11.3.1. May 7th the Germans backed down
3. men and women that had a family member(s) serving in the war can vote.
3.1. Not everyone was allowed to join the war
3.1.1. They had to be over 16, they couldn't be black or have a Aboriginal/Native background
4. 9/11
4.1. attack by the Al- Qaeda (a terrorist group led by Oussama Bin Laden
4.2. 2 planes striked and hit the twin towers in NY
4.3. after 9/11 Muslims where labelled as "terrorists"
4.3.1. women and men that are Muslims aren't trusted in their communities
4.3.1.1. Muslims get killed or beaten for wearing their traditional clothing
4.4. affects of the attack
4.4.1. security and borders were built
4.4.1.1. more money was spent security was built in airports, borders where built for bridges and everyone needed a passport. The US wanted to make sure they felt comfortable where they lived
4.4.2. The US kept sending troops to Afghanistan to try to defeat the terrorist group "Al-Qaeda" and try to kill their leader
4.4.2.1. they also invaded any country that they thought had a leader that was providing weaponry to terrorist groups
4.4.3. immigration and deportation
4.4.3.1. the following year after the attack not many immigrants where allowed to enter the US
4.4.3.2. That's when the Secure communities programs was formed
4.4.3.2.1. it allowed law enforcement to check if any immigrants have ever been in jail for any sort of reason
5. same sex marriage
5.1. hate crime was going against gays, lesbians, bisexuals, and/or transgendered individuals
5.2. alot of people are against the idea of same sex marriage
5.2.1. been victims of hated crimes
5.3. weren't allowed to participate in the Armed Forces
5.4. targeted by discriminatory laws
6. Bill C-51
6.1. an act which allowed the Canadian government to access personal information about every Canadian citizen
6.2. also called "Anti-terrorism Act"
6.3. Canadian Government Agencies are capable to share information about individuals
7. (Ku Klux Klan)
7.1. a group of white Christians that thought no one should belong in the US other than white Christians
7.1.1. the group still does exist and white Christians still believe US should only belong to white Christians
7.2. the group consisted of white Christian Americans both men and women.
7.3. there were specifically against all black people and they used most of them as slaves
7.3.1. blacks where hanged, burned, shot, dragged from the back of a car and their weren't treated properly and freely
7.4. organized parades and marches with their symbol (a burning cross)
8. Women
8.1. weren't paid equally as men
8.1.1. Women worked the same jobs as men usually would but they didn't get paid the same amount as men
8.1.2. worked as nurses in the home front, they worked as pilots, worked in factories,
8.1.3. women went on strike t
8.2. not all women where allowed to vote
8.2.1. Canada: between the years 1917-1940 until all Canada allowed women to vote.
8.2.2. United States: 1920's
8.2.3. Russia: July 20th, 1917
9. Most women lost their jobs when they came back from the war
10. false propaganda
10.1. to persuade people to believe in a certain idea or idea
10.2. used false images to encourage men to enlist in the armed forces
10.3. make people hate the Germans
11. Treaty Of Versailles
11.1. War Guilt Clause
11.1.1. Germany should take the blame for starting WW1
11.2. Reparations
11.2.1. Germany had to pay € 6,600 million
11.3. Disarmament
11.3.1. only was allowed to have a small army and six naval ships
11.3.2. no tanks, no airforce and no submarines
11.3.3. the Rhineland are had to be de-militarised
11.4. Territorial Clauses
11.4.1. Countries have land that was once Germany's but then land was taken away from them
11.4.2. Union with Austria (Anschluss) was forbidden
11.5. The Germans at that time were very poor and thought it was unfair
11.5.1. that's when Adolf Hitler was elected to be in power
12. Chinese Exclusion Act
13. The holocaust
13.1. a genocide where nearly 6 millions Jews were killed by Adolf Hitler and the Germans and their partners (Nazis)
13.1.1. many where killed when they became weak
13.1.2. any age, weak or strong Jews were sent to work at death camps
13.1.3. that also included the death of 5 million people of other ethnic groups
13.1.3.1. that means 11 million total passed away (one of the largest in total history)
13.1.4. 1 million of the Jews were children
13.1.5. Extermination Camps
13.1.5.1. Some would die from gas and some would die from starvation and health conditions
13.1.5.2. put into a shower but instead they'd get sprayed by chemically manufactured gas
13.2. many Jews were split from their families
13.3. medical experiments
13.3.1. used kids for " medical experiments"
13.3.1.1. bribed kids with sweets and toys and would bring them into the gas chambers
13.3.1.2. he tested drugs on them, froze them, attempted to change their eye color by injecting chemicals into children's eyes, and various amputations and other surgeries
14. between the white and black people
14.1. Rosa Parks
14.1.1. known as " the mother of the freedom movement" or " the first lady of civil rights"
14.1.2. refused to give her seat to a white person when all the seats where taken
14.1.2.1. Around the time of 1955 the blacks had to obey the whites and give them a seat on the bus if they needed one
14.2. Nelson mandela
14.2.1. served as the first Black President of South Africa and was the first black chief executive
14.2.2. fought for human rights and equality between the whites and black
14.2.3. gave speech's about tackling racism and foster the peaceful ending of conflict
14.3. Martin Luther King Jr.
14.3.1. best known for his "I Have A Dream" speech
14.3.2. joined many organizations to combat racialism without using any violence
14.3.3. was one of the leaders that lead the " March on Washington for Jobs And Freedom"
14.3.3.1. 250,000-300,00 people where involved and 80% which were black the rest
14.3.3.2. all involved just wanted quality for both the whites and blacks
14.4. whites using blacks as slaves
14.4.1. blacks were seen as "pointless" and "powerless"
14.4.2. it was for money
14.4.2.1. it was cheaper to own a black slave than owning a black slave