1. Flower Identity
1.1. 'A' genes control the sepals Combination of 'A' and 'B' genes control the petals Combination of 'B' and 'C' genes control the stamens
1.2. Class A genes (blue) affect sepals and petals, class B genes (yellow) affect petals and stamens, class C genes (red) affect stamens and carpels.
2. Development of Flower
2.1. The male and female parts of the flower have specialized structures for reproduction that develop as the plant matures
2.1.1. calyx
2.1.2. corolla
2.1.3. stamen and androecium
2.1.4. carpels and gynoecium
2.1.5. stigma and style
2.1.6. ovary
3. Variation of Flower
3.1. perfect flowers @monecious
3.1.1. contain all 4 whorls (androecium, gynoecium,corolla and calyx)
3.2. imperfect flowers @dioecious
3.2.1. carpelate
3.2.1.1. flower lack stamen and only have carpel
3.2.2. staminate
3.2.2.1. flower lack carpels and only have stamen
3.3. complete flowers @monecious
3.3.1. flower have all 4 whorls of modified leaves
3.4. incomplete flowers @monecious/dioecius
3.4.1. flower missing one or more flower parts
4. Phase Plant Life Cycle
4.1. Alternation of generation (changeability between haploid and diploid)
4.2. Haploid stage
4.2.1. happen in
4.2.1.1. microspore
4.2.1.1.1. microspore develop to male gametophyte (pollen grain)
4.2.1.2. megaspore
4.2.1.2.1. megaspore develop into female gametophyte (ovary)
4.3. Diploid stage
4.3.1. -Start when egg been fertilized by sperm by double fertilization - each pollen grain has two sperm cell, one of these fertilizes the haploid egg make diploid embryo
5. Basic Growth
5.1. Vegetative & reproduction development
5.1.1. Vegetative growth of plant develops from apical meristem
5.2. Seed development
6. Environment Factors
6.1. 1) Photoperiod (Day length)
6.1.1. (Short-day plants) -- Plants that flower only when the day length drops below a certain thresholds (Long-day plants) -- Plants that flower only when the day length rises above a certain thresholds (Day-neutral) --Plants that flowering does not depend on day length
6.2. 2) Temperature: Vernalisation stage
6.2.1. - The effect of chilling treatment that prepares a plant to flower - Vernalization: method of inducing early flowering in plants by pretreatment at very low temperature - Some plant required this method to trigger flowering
6.3. 3) Hormone
6.3.1. Florigen or flowering hormone is responsible for controlling and /or triggering flowering
7. Stage Flower Life Cycle
7.1. seed development
7.1.1. Dicot-The cotyledons store food become first leaves
7.1.2. Monocot- one cotyledons
7.2. seed germination
7.2.1. epigeal
7.2.2. hypogeal
7.3. plant growth
7.3.1. leaveas emerge, contain chloroplast
7.3.2. root system
7.3.3. flower develop
7.4. reproduction
7.4.1. sexually reproduction,pollen travel down the style to ovary. The ovary become fruit
7.5. pollination
7.5.1. self pollination
7.5.2. by pollinators
7.6. seed dispersal
7.6.1. seed spread many ways such as by wind,stuck in the fur animal and depend on water.
8. Gamete Production
8.1. pollen
8.1.1. pollen have innner and outer wall
8.1.1.1. intine-produce by microspore
8.1.1.2. exine-produce by microspore and tapetum
8.1.1.3. tapetum provide nutrient
8.2. ovary
8.2.1. Have micropyle- small opening
8.2.2. ovule have interument layer
8.2.2.1. • Integument develop into seed coat
8.2.3. megasporangium contain sporophyte cell that undergo meiosis to produce megaspore.
8.2.4. when embrayo mature,diploid sporophyte tissue accompanies the embryo .