1. Acquisition
1.1. Silent Way
1.1.1. Students mimic teacher
1.2. Community Language Learning
1.2.1. Teacher translate and students repeat
1.3. Problem Posing
1.3.1. Oral and written communication less focus on pronunciation
1.4. Total Physical Response
1.4.1. listen and respond physically
1.5. Natural Approach
1.5.1. student go through stages and speech emerges naturally
1.6. CALLA and SIOP
1.6.1. content learning through language
1.7. Krashen
1.7.1. Krashen and Hastings present that "it can be claimed, however, that PA training will help, or accelerate PA development and thereby accelerate the development of reading proficiency. But there is no strong evidence showing that PA training helps reading comprehension" (2011).
1.7.2. In short Krashen determined there is no explicit need for Phonological training to teach reading, but it isn't going to hurt the students either.
1.7.3. Embedded Instruction would be the most beneficial in this instance.
2. References
2.1. Freeman, D. E., & Freeman, Y. S. (2014). Chapter 5. In Essential linguistics: What teachers need to know to teach. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
2.2. Freeman, D. E., & Freeman, Y. S. (2014). Chapter 6. In Essential linguistics: What teachers need to know to teach (pp. 130-162). Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
2.3. Krashen, S., & Hastings, A. (2011). Is Phonemic Awareness Training Necessary in Second Language Literacy Development? Is it Even Useful? The International Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 7(1).
3. Learning
3.1. Grammar Based
3.1.1. no phonology
3.2. Communicative
3.2.1. very limited direction on pronunciation
3.3. Empiricist
3.3.1. Audio-lingual
3.3.1.1. drills, role play, correct pronunciation
3.3.2. Notional Functional
3.3.2.1. communication while using correct pronunciation
3.3.3. Suggestopedia
3.3.3.1. Relaxed atmosphere to practice pronunciation
3.4. Minimal Pairs
3.5. Drills build muscle memory in tongue.
4. "The authors of Put Reading First states, 'Phonics instruction teaches children the connection between written language and spoken language' this developes the alphbetic priniciple" (Freeman & Freeman,2014, p.130).
4.1. In this instance many of the phonological activities fall under a more learning based environment.
4.1.1. Example:synthetic activities, word families, manipulating blends.