1. PITUITARY GLAND
1.1. HORMONE RELEASED:
1.1.1. ANTERIOR PITUITARY growth hormone (GH) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) - luteinizing hormone (LH)- thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) - adreno-corticotropic hormone ( ACTH) prolactin- melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) *originally produced by hypothalamus*. POSTERIOR PITUITARY anti diuretic hormone (ADH) - oxytocin
1.2. LOCATION
1.2.1. a bean-like structure that dangles on a slender stalk of tissue at the base of the brain
1.3. FUNCTION
1.3.1. the pituitary gland secretes hormones that directly regulate many body functions or control the actions of other endocrine glands
1.4. DISORDER CAUSED
1.4.1. too much GH 👉 gigantism
1.4.2. too little GH 👉 dwarfism
2. HYPOTHALAMUS GLAND
2.1. HORMONE REALEASED:
2.1.1. hypothalamus produces releasing hormones, which are secreted into blood vessels leading to the anterior pituitary. *follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) - luteinizing hormone (LH)- thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) - adreno-corticotropic hormone ( ACTH) - growth hormone (GH) - prolactin- melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)
2.2. LOCATION
2.2.1. it is attached to the posterior pituitary, is the link between the central nervous system and the endocrine system
2.3. FUNCTION
2.3.1. the hypothalamus gland controls the secretions of the pituitary gland
2.4. DISORDER CAUSED
2.4.1. eating disorders, gigantism, dwarfism, malnutrition, infections, excessive bleeding
3. THYROID GLAND
3.1. HORMONE RELEASED
3.1.1. thyroid gland produces the hormone thyroxine, which increases the metabolic rate of cells throughout the body
3.1.2. thyroid also produce calcitonin that reduces blood calcium levels
3.2. LOCATION
3.2.1. it is located at the base of the neck and wraps around the upper part of the trachea
3.3. FUNCTION
3.3.1. the thyroid gland has a major role in regulating the body's metabolism
3.4. DISORDER CAUSED
3.4.1. too much thyroid 👉hyperthyroidism
3.4.2. too little thyroid 👉 hypothyroidism
4. PARATHYROID GLAND
4.1. HORMONE RELEASED
4.1.1. parathyroid hormone (PTH) it is the opposing hormone of calcitonin, it increases the calcium levels in the blood by promoting the release of calcium from bone, the reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys, and the uptake of calcium from the digestive system
4.2. LOCATION
4.2.1. located on the back of the thyroid gland
4.3. FUNCTION
4.3.1. it promotes proper nerve and muscle function and proper bone structure
4.4. DISORDER CAUSED
4.4.1. hyperparathyroidism 👉 kidney stones, osteoporosis, heart disease, high blood pressure
4.4.2. hypoparathyroidism 👉 cataracts, Parkinson's disease, pernicious anemia
5. PANCREAS
5.1. HORMONE RELEASED
5.1.1. insulin and glucagon
5.2. LOCATION
5.2.1. located behind the stomach in the upper left abdomen
5.3. FUNCTION
5.3.1. help to keep the blood glucose level stable
5.4. DISORDER CAUSED
5.4.1. when the body fails to produce or properly respond to insulin, it'll develop a condition known as 'diabetes mellitus'
5.4.1.1. there are 2 types of diabetes mellitus:
5.4.1.1.1. type I diabetes is an autoimmune disorder that usually develops in people before the age of 15, no secretion of insulin
5.4.1.1.2. type II diabetes is most commonly develops in people after the age of 40, people with type II diabetes produce low to normal amounts of insulin
6. ADRENAL GLAND
6.1. HORMONE RELEASED:
6.1.1. corticosteroid, aldosterone, cortisol, epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine
6.2. LOCATION
6.2.1. pyramid-shaped structure that sit on top of the kidneys
6.3. FUNCTION
6.3.1. release hormones that help the body prepare for and deal with stress
6.4. DISORDER CAUSED
6.4.1. Cushing's syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, pituitary tumors, pheochromocytoma, Addison's disease