1. 4. When to monitor?
1.1. Type 1 Diabetes (T1DM)
1.1.1. Insulin
1.1.1.1. Normal days
1.1.1.1.1. Before and 2 hour after breakfast
1.1.1.1.2. Before and 2 hour after lunch
1.1.1.1.3. Before and 2 hour after dinner or before bed
1.1.1.2. During Ramadhan (for Muslim patient)
1.1.1.2.1. Blood sugar monitoring frequency depends on types of insulin that patient take.
1.2. Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM)
1.2.1. Insulin
1.2.1.1. Same as T1DM
1.2.2. Oral blood sugar-lowering medications OR Diet modification (pre-diabetes patient)
1.2.2.1. Normal days
1.2.2.1.1. Before and 2 hour after breakfast
1.2.2.1.2. 2 hour after lunch
1.2.2.1.3. 2 hour after dinner or before bed
1.2.2.2. During Ramadhan (for Muslim patient)
1.2.2.2.1. Mid-day
1.2.2.2.2. Before iftar
1.2.2.2.3. 2 hour after iftar or before bed
2. 6. Take home points
2.1. The technical aspects of self-monitoring
2.2. Blood glucose targets
2.3. When and how often to measure blood glucose
2.4. What action to take based on the readings obtained
2.5. Re-evaluating (every 3-6 months) when, and how often, to self-monitor, based on your clinical condition and readings
3. 5. How to maintain the accuracy?
3.1. Check the accuracy of meter's readings annually
3.1.1. Do's on meter usage
3.1.1.1. Test-strip
3.1.1.1.1. Aware of expiry dates
3.1.1.1.2. Always keep the test-strip container closed
3.1.1.1.3. Keep away from moisture, and stored at 4-30°C
3.1.1.1.4. Put the test-strip in original container
3.1.1.1.5. Keep away from dust or other substances
3.1.1.1.6. Ensure no dust or dried blood on the opening of the test strip
3.1.1.2. Glucose meter
3.1.1.2.1. Avoid meter from direct sunlight
3.1.1.2.2. Keep away from moisture or stored at 5-30°C
4. 2. Target sugar level?
4.1. Before meal: 4.0 mmol/L-7.0 mmol/L
4.2. After meal: 5.0 mmol/L-10.0 mmol/L
4.3. Before bed: 4.4 mmol/L-7.8 mmol/L
5. 3. How to monitor?
5.1. 1. Require blood sugar meter, lancet, finger pricker
5.2. 2. Wash your hands with soapy water and dry them well
5.3. 3. Insert the test strip into the glucose meter
5.4. 4. Insert the lancet into the finger-pricker
5.4.1. Do's to prevent infection
5.4.1.1. Use a new lancet for each test
5.4.1.2. Discard the lancet and used test strip in a biohazard waste container (sharps bin) available at most pharmacist