Other Health Impairment – ADD/ADHD

1. Cognitive Effects

1.1. Difficulty maintaining attention and staying on task

1.2. Struggles with executive functioning (organization, planning)

1.3. Impulsivity affecting decision-making

1.4. Accommodation: Implement structured schedules with visual cues to reinforce routines (Barkley, 2020).

2. Linguistic Effects

2.1. Difficulty following multi-step directions

2.2. Struggles with written expression and organizing thoughts

2.3. Frequent interruptions when speaking or writing

2.4. Accommodation: Break tasks into small, manageable steps and provide visual checklists (Harris & Graham, 2019).

3. Social & Emotional Effects

3.1. Impulsivity may lead to difficulty in peer interactions

3.2. Increased frustration with academic challenges

3.3. Potential for low self-esteem due to negative feedback

3.4. Accommodation: Use positive behavior reinforcement and self-regulation strategies like mindfulness exercises (DuPaul & Stoner, 2021).

4. Classroom Accomodations

4.1. Preferential seating away from distractions

4.2. Frequent breaks and movement-based learning activities

4.3. Use of fidget tools to improve focus

4.4. Accommodation: Provide extended time on tests and assignments to reduce pressure (Smith et al., 2020).