1. plot plan . first sheet shows the Lot & Block number or address Property lines Bearing and length of property lines North direction arrow Dimension of front, rear, and side yards. Location of walks, drive, fences, and patios Location of accessory buildings, carports, garages. Location of utilities Scale of the plot plan, as well as many other features of the property.
2. 1st level t
2.1. Next level topic
3. working drawings
3.1. The working drawings are the original drawings, drawn on strong, thin, translucent paper.
3.2. They are easy for the architect to see the rest of the set of drawings through them. Durable paper makes it easy to erase and redraw. Good for copying onto paper. Difficult to read
4. architect scale
4.1. A triangular shaped instrument used for making or measuring scaled drawings such as blueprints or floor plans. Scales can be made of wood, plastic, or aluminum. The scale can be read from left to right and right to left. 1/8” scale would read from left to right, and the 1⁄4” scale would read right to left.
4.2. Drawn to scale
4.2.1. On a scaled drawing, a small measurement is used to represent a large measurement.
4.2.2. Floor plans for residential structures are usually drawn at 1⁄4” = 1’ Commercial buildings may be drawn at 1/8” = 1’ if they are too large to fit on the desired sheet. You may find more than one scale on a single sheet when there are “detail” parts of the objects that are enlarged for clearer explanation.
4.3. Using a scale
4.3.1. Step 1 Read the scale of the blueprint or drawing.
4.3.2. Step 2 Rotate the architects scale and look for the side labeled with the drawing’s scale. The labels indicate the number of inches per foot for that scale, so the side labeled 1⁄4 is for the scale of 1⁄4” = 1’
4.3.3. Step 3 Line up the “0” line with the left end of the line you want to measure.
4.3.4. Step 4 Read the scale marking that is closest to the right end of the line, but not beyond the line, to determine the length of the line in feet.
4.3.5. Step 5 Slide the scale so that the scale marking that was just beyond the right end of the line now lines up with it.
4.3.6. Step 6 Count the number of shorter marks passed the “0” mark on the scale to determine how many inches each mark represents. These lines divide one scale increments into fractions of a foot.
4.3.7. Step 7 Count the number marks between the “0” marking and the left end of the line you are measuring. Multiply this number by the number of inches each mark represents to find the inches.
4.3.8. Step 8 Combine the feet measurement and the inches measurement to get the total length of the line.
5. blueprints
5.1. Exact reproductions of working drawings Easier to read because they’re on regular paper The only kind you will get on a job site (Architects keep the working drawings)
5.2. title blocks. Every sheet in a set of drawings will have a title block, it will include: The name The name of the architect or firm who designed the project The name of the building owner The name or title of the drawing The date of the drawing The name or initials of the person who made the drawing The scale of the drawing The drawing number / sheet number
5.3. site plan. Shows the plot of the land on which the building is built The locations and orientation of the building on the lot Utility services
5.4. Blueprints are A MESS Architectural Mechanical Electrical Structural Site Plan
5.4.1. blueprints are broken into parts or sets . Architectural: A1, A2, A3 / 100, 101, 102 Structural: S1, S2, S3 / 202, 203, 204 Mechanical: M1, M2, M3 / 301, 302, 303 Electrical: E1, E2, E3 / 400, 401, 402
5.5. mechanical drawings
5.5.1. Produced by a mechanical engineer Show the design and layout of all the mechanical equipment and systems.
5.6. electrical drawing
5.6.1. Produced by an electrical engineer Shows electrical systems needed for lights and power
5.7. architectural drawing
5.7.1. The layout, shape and finish of the building They contain information essential for every trade. Included in the architectural drawings: Floor plan Elevation Cross-sections Detail drawings
5.7.2. floor plan
5.7.2.1. A horizontal slice through the building at a height of about 4 – 5 ft Varied height so that it shows the most detail
5.7.2.2. Horizontal measurements, room size, wall thickness, cupboard length, stairway width, etc. Location of walls, partitions, stairwells, doors, windows, etc. Room numbers (found approx. the center of the room) Material of wall construction Door & window designations
5.7.3. elevations
5.7.3.1. door and window schedules
5.7.3.1.1. Types of doors and windows on the elevations are also indicated by symbols & are usually numbered on the floor plan.
5.7.4. cross sections
5.7.4.1. A cut away view which shows an elevation view of the interior of a building from top to bottom. .
5.7.4.1.1. Footing & foundations. Type of roof – Flat, steep, mansard, barrel, etc.
5.7.4.2. insulation, wall construction and material, floor to ceiling height, depth and type of footing and foundation
5.7.5. detail drawing
5.7.5.1. A drawing that is magnified to show important details that wouldn’t be visible otherwise.
5.7.6. Drawings of the exterior of the building as viewed from each side. Drawn to the same scale as the floor plan and cross sections.
5.8. structural drawing
5.8.1. Produced by a structural engineer Show the design of the foundation and structural framework of the building
5.9. types of drawings
5.9.1. The architect often includes drawings for advertising before the job is even finished They may be in one of the following styles:
5.9.1.1. isometric
5.9.1.1.1. a drawing thats stands on its corner
5.9.1.2. oblique one surface runs parallel to the page
5.9.1.3. perspective this type of drawing has vanishing points
5.10. types of lines
5.10.1. Since technical drawings are made of lines, it is logical that the first step in learning to “read” a drawing is to learn the meaning of each kind of line.
5.10.2. object line
5.10.2.1. A visible line, or object line is a thick continuous line, used to outline the visible edges or contours of an object.
5.10.3. hidden line
5.10.3.1. A hidden line is a medium weight line, made of short dashes to show edges, surfaces, and corners which cannot be seen.
5.10.4. section line
5.10.4.1. Section lines are used to show the cut surfaces of an object in section views. They are fine, dark lines.
5.10.5. center line
5.10.5.1. Center lines are used to indicate the centers of goles, arcs, and symmetrical objects. They are very thin, long-short-long kinds of lines.
5.10.6. dimension line
5.10.6.1. Dimension lines are thin and are used to show the actual size of an object.
5.10.7. extention line
5.10.7.1. Extension lines are also thin lines, showing the limits of dimensions. Dimension line arrowheads touch extension lines.
5.10.8. leader line
5.10.8.1. Leaders are more thin lines used to point to an area of a drawing requiring a note for explanation. They are preferably drawn at 45° angles.
5.10.9. break line
5.10.9.1. There are three kinds of break lines used in drawings. They are used to remove or “break out” part of a drawing for clarity, and to shorten objects which have the same shape throughout their length and may be too long to place on the drawing.
5.11. specifications
5.11.1. Roofing will be listed as: “Thermal and moisture protection, division 7.” The specification will give you a complete and detailed explanation of how the job is performed and the specific materials to use.