1. ELEMENTS
1.1. Essential Elements
1.1.1. CONSENT
1.1.1.1. Offer
1.1.1.1.1. must be certain and seriously intended
1.1.1.1.2. matters may be fixed by the offerer (Art. 1321)
1.1.1.1.3. must be communicated to the offeree (Art. 1321)
1.1.1.1.4. When offer becomes ineffective
1.1.1.2. Acceptance
1.1.1.2.1. must be clear and absolute
1.1.1.2.2. may be express or implied (Art. 1320)
1.1.1.2.3. REVOCATION OF ACCEPTANCE
1.1.1.2.4. ACCEPTANCE THROUGH AGENT (Art. 1322)
1.1.1.3. Rule in case of an offer to sell (Art. 1324)
1.1.1.3.1. Option contract
1.1.1.3.2. Option money
1.1.1.3.3. Option period
1.1.1.4. Requisites of consent
1.1.1.4.1. must be given by two or more parties
1.1.1.4.2. parties are capacitated to contract
1.1.1.4.3. consent must be intelligently or freely given
1.1.1.4.4. express manifestation of the will of the contracting parties
1.1.1.5. Persons incapable of giving consent (Art. 1327)
1.1.1.5.1. minors
1.1.1.5.2. insane or demented persons
1.1.1.5.3. deaf-mutes who do not know how to write
1.1.1.5.4. persons suffering from civil interdiction
1.1.1.5.5. Incompetents under guardianship
1.1.1.5.6. married women of age in cases specified by law
1.1.1.6. Characteristics of consent
1.1.1.6.1. intellegent
1.1.1.6.2. free and voluntary
1.1.1.6.3. conscious or spontaneous
1.1.1.7. Vices of consent
1.1.1.7.1. error or mistake (Art. 1331
1.1.1.7.2. violence or force (Art. 1335)
1.1.1.7.3. intimidation or threat or duress
1.1.1.7.4. undue influence (Art. 1337)
1.1.1.7.5. fraud or deceit (Art. 1338)
1.1.2. OBJECT
1.1.2.1. Requisites of things as objects of contract
1.1.2.1.1. the thing must be within the commerce of men
1.1.2.1.2. must not be impossible
1.1.2.1.3. must be in existence or capable of coming into existence
1.1.2.1.4. must be determinate or determinable w/o the need of a new contract b/w parties
1.1.2.2. Requisites of services as object of contract
1.1.2.2.1. the service must be w/in the commerce of men
1.1.2.2.2. must not be impossible
1.1.2.2.3. must be determinate or capable of being made
1.1.3. CAUSE OR CONSIDERATION
1.1.3.1. Requisites of cause
1.1.3.1.1. it must exist
1.1.3.1.2. it must be true or real
1.1.3.1.3. it must be lawful
1.1.3.2. Kinds of contracts according to cause
1.1.3.2.1. Onerous
1.1.3.2.2. Remuneratory or remunerative
1.1.3.2.3. Gratuitous (Art. 1350)
1.1.3.3. Distinguishing
1.1.3.3.1. CAUSE
1.1.3.3.2. MOTIVE
1.1.3.4. Cause presumed to exist and lawful (Art. 1354)
1.1.3.5. LESION
1.1.3.5.1. exceptions
2. CLASSIFICATIONS
2.1. Acc. to name or designation:
2.1.1. Nominate
2.1.2. Innominate (Art. 1307)
2.1.2.1. Kinds of Innominate
2.1.2.1.1. do ut des (I give that you may give)
2.1.2.1.2. do ut facias (I give that you may do)
2.1.2.1.3. facto ut des (I do that you may give)
2.1.2.1.4. facto ut facias (I do that you may do)
2.1.2.2. Rules governing Innominate contracts
2.1.2.2.1. the agreement off the parties
2.1.2.2.2. the provisions of the Civil Code on obligations and contracts
2.1.2.2.3. the rules governing the most analogous contracts
2.1.2.2.4. the customs of the place
2.2. Acc. to perfection:
2.2.1. Consensual contract
2.2.2. Real contract
2.2.3. Solemn contract
2.3. Acc. to cause:
2.3.1. Onerous
2.3.2. Remuneratory or remunerative
2.3.3. Gratuitous (Art. 1350)
2.4. Acc. to form:
2.4.1. Informal, common or simple
2.4.2. Formal or solemn (Art. 1356)
2.5. Acc. to obligatory force:
2.5.1. Valid (Art. 1306)
2.5.2. Rescissible
2.5.3. Voidable
2.5.4. Unenforceable
2.5.5. Void or inexistent
2.6. Acc. to nature of obligation produced or number of parties obliged:
2.6.1. Unilateral (Art. 1191)
2.6.1.1. Commodatum
2.6.1.2. Mutuum
2.6.2. Bilateral (Art. 1191)
2.6.2.1. sale
2.6.2.2. barter
2.6.2.3. lease
2.7. Acc. to risks:
2.7.1. Commutative
2.7.2. Aleatory
2.8. Acc. to status:
2.8.1. Executory
2.8.2. Executed
2.9. Acc. to dependence to another contract:
2.9.1. Preparatory
2.9.2. Accessory
2.9.3. Principal
2.10. Acc. to dependence of part of contract or other parts:
2.10.1. Indivisible
2.10.2. Divisible
3. GENERAL RULES:
3.1. A party’s rights and obligations derived from a contract are transmissible to the successor (Art. 1178). Contracts take effect only bw the parties, their assigns, and heirs (Art. 1311).
3.1.1. EXC:
3.1.1.1. Prohibited by law
3.1.1.2. Prohibited by stipulation of parties
3.1.1.3. Prohibited by their nature
3.2. A 3rd person has no rights and obligations under a contract to which he is a stranger (Art. 1311).
3.2.1. EXC:
3.2.1.1. In contracts containing a stipulation in favor of a 3rd person (stipulation pour autrui) (Art. 1311) * a stipulation of contract clearly and deliberately conferring a favor upon a 3rd person
3.2.1.1.1. Classes
3.2.1.1.2. Requisites of stipulation pour autrui
3.2.1.2. In contracts creating real rights (Art. 1312)
3.2.1.3. In contracts entered into a defraud creditors (Art. 1313)
3.2.1.4. In contracts which have been violated at the inducement of a 3rd person (Art. 1314)
3.3. A person is not bound by the contract of another of which he has no knowledge or to which he has not given his consent.
3.3.1. A contract entered into in the name of another by one who has no authority is unenforceable against the former unless it is ratified, expressly or impliedly, by him before it is revoked by the other contracting parties (Art. 1317, 1403).
3.3.1.1. Ratification cleanses the contract from all its defects from the moment the contract was entered into (Art. 1396).