Mind Map on Learning Theories. A learning theory is a frameworks that describe how knowledge is r...

1. Constructivism is ‘an approach to learning that holds that people actively construct or make their own knowledge and that reality is determined by the experiences of the learner’ (Elliott et al., 2000. 256).

1.1. John D. Bransfor, developed The How People Learn Framework. This framework has for aspects, knowledge-centered, learner-centered, assessment-centered and community environment.

1.2. Ernst von Glasersfeld, credited with the development of the theory of radical constructivism that suggests that knowledge is constructed rather than perceived through senses and then individuals construct new knowledge on the foundations of their existing knowledge

1.3. George Siemens, developed connectivism, a learning theory for the digital age. Connectivism looks at how young people acquire knowledge and it also seeks to understand the nature of intelligence.

1.4. Lev Vygotsky, worked to develop the Social Development Theory that highlights the importance of social interaction in the development of cognition.

1.5. Jerome Bruner, developed a theory of cognitive development. This theory proposes three modes of representation, Enactive, Iconic and symbolic.

2. Behaviorism: Behaviorism is the theory that behavior can be changed by external factors like reward or punishment. five behaviorism theorists. Five behaviorism theorists are...

2.1. Edward Thorndike - Developed the law of effect principle. Which states, that any behavior that is followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated, and any behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is likely to be stopped.

2.2. B. F. Skinner - Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an individual makes an association between a behavior and a consequence (Skinner, 1938).

2.3. Ivan Pavlov – The law of Temporal Contiguity, Pavlov used dogs to show that a conditioned stimulus can become a conditioned response.

2.4. Edward C. Tolman – Helped develop the concept of Latent Learning and coined the phrase, Cognitive Map.

2.5. Clark L. Hull - Developed a theory known as deductive behaviorism.

3. Cognitivism asserts that learning is something that occurs in the brain of the learner. This theory is based on the concepts of sensory, short term, and long-term memory.

3.1. David Ausubel – Developed the meaningful learning theory which states that new knowledge can be learned be incorporated past relevant experiences. This was in sharp contrast to rote learning.

3.2. Richard Mayer - Developed the cognitive theory of multimedia learning that states that the brain does not interpret a multimedia presentation of words, pictures, and auditory information in a mutually exclusive fashion, but that these elements are selected and organized dynamically to produce logical mental constructs.

3.3. John Sweller, developed cognitive load theory. This “theory of multimedia learning presents the idea that the brain does not interpret a multimedia presentation of words, pictures, and auditory information in a mutually exclusive fashion; rather, these elements are selected and organized dynamically to produce logical mental constructs.”

3.4. Jean Piaget, developed the theory of cognitive development that suggests that suggests that children move through four different stages of mental development and think differently then adults.

3.5. John Carroll, proposed a three-stratum model of human cognitive abilities.