Chapter Three: The Organic Molecules of Life: Noelle Bell

Chapter Three: The Organic Molecules of Life: Noelle Bell da Noelle Bell

1. Biological Molecule

1.1. Four main categories:

1.2. Carbohydrates: Short term energy source.

1.3. Lipids: Long term energy source.

1.4. Protein: Involved in all functions of the body.

1.5. Nucleic Acids

2. Functional Group

2.1. A specific group of atoms that always react the same way, and have the same chemical properties.

3. Hydrophobic cells

3.1. not soluble in water

4. Hydrophilic cells

4.1. soluble in water

5. monosaccharides

5.1. simple sugars, carbohydrates.

6. glucose

6.1. has a major role in energy reactions in cells, carbohydrates

7. Ribose and Deoxyribose

7.1. found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA

8. disaccharide

8.1. contains two monosaccharides bonded by a dehydration synthesis reaction

9. starch

9.1. plants store glucose as starch

10. glycogen

10.1. animals store glucose as glycogen.

11. Chitin

11.1. polymer of glucose molecules

12. Fats and Oils

12.1. types of lipids

13. Glycerol and Fatty Acids

13.1. subnit molecules of fats and oils

14. triglycerides

14.1. a structure that can pack a lot of energy into a molecule

15. unsaturated fatty acids

15.1. have double bonds in the carbon chain

16. saturated fatty acids

16.1. have no double bonds

17. trans fat

17.1. formed during the process of foods

18. phospholipids

18.1. phosphate functional group

19. steroids

19.1. lipids that have a unique carbon skeleton.

20. cholesterol

20.1. component of animal cells plasma membrane.

21. enzymes

21.1. a protein that speeds reactions in cells

22. amino acids

22.1. protein made up of an amino group and an acid group

23. peptides

23.1. two or more amino acids joined by covalent bonding

24. peptide bond

24.1. type of covalent bond

25. polypeptide

25.1. a chain of many amino acids joined by peptide bonds

26. denatured

26.1. a protein that has been broken down or inactivated.

27. Organic Molecules

27.1. contains atoms of carbon and hydrogen

27.2. make up portions of cells, tissues, and organs

28. Carbon Atom

28.1. can bond with up to four different elements

29. Isomers

29.1. Molecules with different structures, but same composition of atoms

30. Monomer

30.1. A small molecule that is a subunit of a polymer.

31. Polymer

31.1. Contains covalently bonded monomers

32. Dehydration Synthesis Reaction

32.1. Water molecule is removed during the reaction.

33. Hydrolysis reaction

33.1. water molecules are added, breaking the bonds between molecules.

34. polysaccharides

34.1. polymers of monosaccharides.

35. cellulose

35.1. one of the most abundant carbohydrates.

36. DNA

36.1. nucleic acid polymer made of deoxyribose

37. RNA

37.1. nucleic acid made of ribose

38. nucleotide

38.1. nucleic acids are polymer while their monomer is the nucleotide