1. Historical Overview
1.1. Criticism on Prophet Muhammad
1.1.1. 7th - 14th Century
1.2. Criticism on Hadith
1.2.1. 17th - 21st Century
2. Criticism on Hadith (Matn)
2.1. Ignaz Goldziher
2.1.1. Criticism
2.1.1.1. Reflected the legal & doctrinal controversies
2.1.1.2. Skeptical caution
2.1.1.3. Forgery and manipulation
2.1.2. Theory on Hadith Fabrication
2.1.2.1. Communal/Historical agenda
2.1.2.2. Sectarian agenda
2.1.2.3. Political agenda
2.1.2.4. Legal agenda
3. Criticism on Hadith (Sanad)
3.1. Joseph Franz Schacht
3.1.1. Skeptical approach to medieval form of Isnad criticism
3.1.2. Argument
3.1.2.1. Legal hadith do not represent the actual details of the Prophet's life
3.1.2.2. Argumentum e silentio
3.1.2.3. Back-growth of isnad
3.1.3. Abbott challenges Goldziher's theory
3.1.3.1. Administrative issue like taxes & charity
3.1.3.2. Emerged far earlier
3.1.3.3. Make these collections public
3.1.4. Abbott's Argument
3.1.4.1. Development of technology
3.1.4.2. Emergence of paper
3.1.4.3. System of Hadith criticism
4. Renewed Criticism (Sanad & Matn)
4.1. Harald Matzki
4.1.1. Stages of Western Criticism of Early Islamic History (Hadith)
4.1.1.1. Orientalist Approach
4.1.1.1.1. Goldziher & Shacht
4.1.1.2. Philo-Islamic Apology
4.1.1.2.1. Abbott & Mustafa Azami
4.1.1.3. Revisionist Approach
4.1.1.3.1. Patrick & Michael
4.1.1.4. Western Revaluation
4.1.1.4.1. Harald Motzki
4.1.2. Isnad -Cum-Matn Analysis
4.1.2.1. Existence of common links
4.1.2.2. Correlation that usually exists between matn & its paths of transmission
5. Criticism on Sirah
5.1. Main arguments against the reliability of Sira source
5.1.1. Only recorded in written source more than 150 years after Muhammad's purported death
5.1.2. Inspired by verses from the Quran
5.1.3. Some acc display obvious secondary tendencies that reflect political, theological or legal debates
5.1.4. The existing acc are contradictory
5.1.5. Presenting the life of Muhammad as salivation history
5.2. Approaches to Sira
5.2.1. To concentration on acc that run contrary to the later Orthodox tradition & later tendencies
5.2.2. Weakness of ICMA'S
5.2.3. Single Person Analysis
5.2.4. Analysis of linguistic peculiarities of the texts in question