1. Application Of Road Laws and Acts Of Traffic And Transportation
1.1. Laws and Acts
1.1.1. -
1.1.2. Environmental Quality Act 1974 :
1.1.2.1. -
1.1.2.2. -
1.1.2.3. -
1.1.2.4. The Environmental Quality Act 1974 is an Act relating to the prevention, abatement, control of pollution and enhancement of the environmental and for purposes connected therewith. The date of Royal Assent is 8th March 1974 and it was published in the Gazette on 14th March 1974.
1.1.2.5. Purpose of Environmental Quality Act 1974 : prevention of pollution, abatement pollution levels, controlling pollution from continuing, prepare for any environmental consequences
1.1.2.6. Clause 22 under Part IV : Prohibition and Control Of Pollution states the restrictions of pollution allowed for the atmosphere as emitted or caused by any person through private vehicles or any other resources. The states that any person guilty of the matter will be fined not more than RM100K or/and sent to prison for not more than five years. A further fine may be handed for the person for RM1K per day if the offence is continued after receiving a notice by the authorities
1.1.2.7. The same restrictions and fine/imprisonment for sound pollution is stated under clause 23 of the EQA 1974 for noise offences
2. The history of highway construction and road laws and acts
2.1. Definition of traffic - The movement of vehicles, ships, person and etc. It also includes activities such as transportation and trades of goods for various purposes.
2.2. -
2.3. Definition of Traffic Engineering - Uses engineering techniques to achieve the safe and efficient movement of people and goods on roadways.
2.4. Structures - Transportation is a part of structural and intrastructural development of a country. There following are some of the structures used in transportation : Road and Expressways, Railways, Tunnels, Bridges and Overpasses
2.5. Act
2.5.1. Road Transport Act 1976
2.5.2. Environmental Quality Act 1974
2.5.3. Urban and Rural Planning Act 1976
2.5.4. Local Government Act 1976 and Federal Territory Act 1973
2.6. History
2.6.1. History of highway and road - The oldest constructed roads diacovered to date are in former Mesopotamia, now known as Iraq. These stone paved streets date back to about 4000 B.C. in the Mesopotamia cities of Ur and Babylon.
2.6.2. History of Roman Roads - Roman roads were physical infrastructure which was the main symbol of development of the Roman State. They were built around 500 BC through the expansion and consolidation of the Roman Republic and Roman Empire
2.6.2.1. The main purpose of roads back the was for the movement of armies, officials and civilians. Other uses of roadways were for inland and carriage of communication and trade goods.
2.6.3. History of Metcalf Roads - The first professional road builder to emerge during the Industrial Revolution was John Metcalf (1717-1810) who constructed about 180 miles (290 km) of turnpike road, mainly in the north of England from 1765
2.6.4. History of Treaaguet Roads - First of all an earth foundation was excavated parallel with but about ten inches below the finished surface of the new road. Next, large stone were laid on edge and any protruding pieces on their upper edges broken off to leave an even surface. Finally a third layer of hard broken stone (about the size of walnuts) was spread by a shovel to produce the surface layer.
3. Concept of Traffic, Highway and Road Laws and Acts in Malaysia
3.1. Categories
3.1.1. -
3.1.2. The categories of roads and highways in malaysia can be divided into Federal and State Roads
3.1.2.1. Federal roads are all roads declared under the federal roads Ordinace (1959) and the major interurban roads joining the state capitals and roads leading to points of entry to and exit from the country
3.1.2.2. State roads generally comprises of the primary roads providing intra-state travel between the district administrative centres Other roads included in this category are the urban collector roads under the municipaties and other minor roads within the villages and rural inhabited areas under the Districts Office
3.2. Agencies
3.2.1. Department of Prime Minister Economy Planning Unit : Development plans, control of implementation & fundings
3.2.2. Urban and Rural Planning Department : Urban and regional planning
3.2.3. Ministry of Public Enterprises : Transportation licensing including for buses
3.2.4. Ministry of Public Works : Transport planning and road designs, constructions & maintenance
3.2.5. Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment : Environmental issues such as dust, smoke, lead content and noise
3.2.6. Ministry of Domestic Affairs : Road safety and Law Reforcement
3.3. Laws and Acts
3.3.1. -
3.3.2. The importance
3.3.3. The purpose for the introduction of acts related to roads are :
3.3.3.1. Protection of third parties against risks arising from motorized vehicles
3.3.3.2. Coordination and control of means and facilities for transport
3.3.3.3. Control of means and facilities for road construction
3.3.3.4. Protection for the environment and public health
3.3.3.5. Justice for victims of transportation abuse