1. The Form of Lexical Rules
1.1. Include morphological derivation, conversion, and semantic transfer.
1.1.1. Morphological derivation
1.1.1.1. A change in the morphological specification
1.1.1.1.1. The addition of an affix to the original morphological specification, which is called the base
1.1.1.2. Usually it is accompanied by a change of syntactic function and a change of meaning
1.1.1.2.1. Does not fully explain the poetic use of metaphor as a means of 'conceptual fusion',
1.1.1.3. In some cases there is no change of syntactic function: the addition of -ie to aunt - auntie appears to be a matter of stylistic meaning
1.1.1.4. The rule goes only some way to an explanation of metaphor:
1.1.1.4.1. It merely says that for a meaning 'a' we substitute the meaning 'something similar to a'
1.1.2. Conversion
1.1.2.1. Change of syntactic function without a change of morphological specification
1.1.3. Semantic transfer
1.1.3.1. Brings a major change in the semantic specification only
1.1.3.2. Metonymy
2. Further Observatiors about Lexical Rules
2.1. Five properties of lexical rules
2.1.1. Diversity
2.1.1.1. Aallow the possibility of applying a large number of different rules to the same lexical entry.
2.1.1.1.1. Morphological affixation
2.1.2. Semantic open-endedness
2.1.2.1. Imaginative 'reading-in'
2.1.2.2. Imaginative writing
2.1.2.2.1. The metaphoric rule in that it introduces variable information
2.1.3. Recursiveness
2.1.4. Bidirectionality
2.1.4.1. Double-headed arrow
2.1.4.1.1. The lexical entry L2 includes Ll
2.1.4.1.2. The ability of a lexical entry which is the output of one lexical rule to be also the input to another lexical rule
2.1.5. Tendency to be distorted by the 'petrification' of lexical entries.
2.1.5.1. Historical sense
2.1.5.1.1. The whole process by which an institutionalized lexical meaning diverges from the 'theoretical' meaning specified in a lexical rule may be termed petrification
3. Homonymy and Polysemy
3.1. Psychologically related
3.1.1. Two meanings are psychologically related if present-day users of the language feel intuitively that they are related
3.1.1.1. And therefore tend to assume that they are 'different uses of the same word'
3.2. Homonymy
3.2.1. One word having two or more senses
3.3. Polysemy
4. The Lexicon
4.1. Unordered list or set of lexical entries
4.1.1. Morphological specification
4.1.1.1. Giving the form of the word in terms of stems and affixes
4.1.1.2. The pronunciation and spelling of a word
4.1.2. Semantic specification
4.1.2.1. Definition
4.1.3. Syntactic specification
4.1.3.1. Classifying the word in terms of its distributional potential within sentences
4.2. or 'Theoretical' Dictionary
5. Practical and Theoretical Dictionaries
5.1. Dictionary
5.1.1. Part of our mental equipment as a speaker of a language.
5.1.1.1. Reference book on the living-room or library shelf.
6. Graded Acceptability
6.1. Lexical rules
6.1.1. Interrelationships of derivation that we recognize between lexical entries already established in the language.
6.1.2. Rules accounting for the 'creative' or 'productive' aspect of the lexicon which
6.1.2.1. Allows us to form new words
6.1.2.2. Or to derive new meanings for existing words
7. Types of Lexical Rule
7.1. ACTUAL ACCEPTABILITY
7.1.1. Of lexical entries which have attained institutional acceptance.
7.2. POTENTIAL ACCEPTABILITY
7.2.1. Of any lexical entry that can be generated by a lexical rule.
7.3. UNACCEPTABILITY
7.3.1. Of a lexical entry not allowed for in the lexical rules at all.
7.4. CONVERSION
7.4.1. A change in the syntactic function, and usually the meaning, of an item.