Migration, development and human rightsda Morgan Lairy
1. Rural and food challenges
1.1. 40% of remittances are sending to rural areas
1.2. rural labor migration = stable and previsible migration
1.3. migration in itself can contribute to agriculture and rural development in the country of origin
1.4. food insecurity, rural poverty, lack of employment
1.5. aid for little exploitations, sustainable agriculture, focus on women and youth
1.6. Agenda for SD 2030, FAO's Goals
2. Migration: factor of development?
2.1. Diasporas: mobilizations, contribution and home associations
2.2. return migration: generally plan of return but can be forced; generally better economic situation than before the departure
2.3. Remittances: economic (financial trasnfers or in kind) and social (norms, values, way of living); are underestimated and measures are imprecises
2.4. family/ community investissement rather than an individual decision
2.5. the poorest do not migrate; most of the time is middle range people = can increase inequlities in South (Mexico)
2.6. problems of brain drain ( especially in health and education)
2.7. optimitic scenario= triple win (for the country of origin, the country of destination and migrants themselves)
3. Environmental and climate change
3.1. migration as adaptation to environemental changes; possible solution to risk of climate change
3.2. shortage resources
3.3. is often not predictable, can be related to natural disaster
3.4. especially in arid areas
3.5. underline the necessity of sustainable development to reduce this climate change and its consequences
4. International cooperation, policy-making and research
4.1. European perspecitves : European Commission, MOST...
4.2. co-development (France and Africa)
4.3. NU, SDGs, treaties or declarations
4.4. necessity of common datas and research to improve development and migration polciies on a human based approach; lack of datas for Africa, Asia and South America
4.5. need to improve the role of research in policy-making
4.6. migration as a common issue; cooperation as a common solution
5. Development
5.1. traditionnal economic aspect
5.2. human development ( acess to education, decent conditions of living, hapiness, well-being, long life esperance... )
5.3. idea of improvment but hard to define and to measure
5.4. sustainable development (social, economic and ecological aspects)
6. Migration
6.1. negative connotation, rather "mobility"; should not be seen as negative; wealth societies are more mobile
6.2. not only reactive, can be prepared; South to North= 40%- South to South= 37%; majority is internal (do not cross any border)
6.3. migrants =/= refugees =/= asylum seeker
6.4. forced or voluntary; regular or irregular
6.5. labour migration; poverty; food insecurity; lack of employment; climate change; environmental degradation ; persecutions; violence...= diversity of patterns
6.6. country of origin, of destination, of transit, of first asylum...
6.7. forced immobility also have to be considered
7. Human rights
7.1. universality (no matter the time and the place)
7.2. migration should always be a choice, basic human right of safety and mobility
7.3. essential for sustainable societies, peace and safety for everyone
7.4. should be the base of every migration or development policy
