1. Startup
1.1. Time & Location
1.1.1. Roanoke
1.1.1.1. 1587
1.1.1.2. relatively Southeast, near Croatoan & Hatteras Island
1.1.1.3. first permanent English colony
1.1.1.4. 3 groups of arrival
1.1.2. Jamestwon
1.1.2.1. 1606
1.1.2.2. relatively Southeast, near James River
1.1.2.3. 2 groups of arrival
1.1.3. Plymouth
1.1.3.1. 1620
1.1.3.2. relatively Northeast
1.1.3.3. first colony in New England
1.1.4. Massachusetts Bay
1.1.4.1. 1630
1.1.4.1.1. a decade after Plymouth
1.1.4.2. relatively Northeast, between the Charles and Merrimack rivers
1.1.4.3. 2 groups of arrival (one group is English immigrants)
1.2. Purpose
1.2.1. Roanoke
1.2.1.1. mining for gold
1.2.1.2. christianizing the Indians
1.2.1.3. harrassing the Spanish
1.2.2. Jamestown
1.2.2.1. Virginia company with King James 1’s permission to make profit with tobacco (Spanish were given money and supported by the King)
1.2.2.2. look for trade route, go outside and explore new areas
1.2.2.3. preach Christianity
1.2.3. Plymouth
1.2.3.1. Puritans(separasists) clashed with the King
1.2.3.2. Pilgrims created a model Puritan society
1.2.3.3. chased for win victory from God, worship of god
1.2.4. Massachusetts Bay
1.2.4.1. initially commercial trading company religious agenda with divine mandate(Puritan)
1.2.4.2. later religious agenda with divine mandate(Puritan)
2. Survival
2.1. Daily Supply
2.1.1. Roanoke
2.1.1.1. not enough
2.1.1.2. massive food shortage, most severe in tidewater region
2.1.2. Jamestown
2.1.2.1. plenty when sailors are there
2.1.2.2. low food supply (rotten, spoil) when sailors leave
2.1.2.3. less fish during the time of low food abundance
2.1.2.4. supply from English immigrants
2.1.3. Plymouth
2.1.3.1. initially not enough
2.1.3.2. instruments, corns, beans, and seeds in 2 Indian houses
2.1.3.3. finally small harvest
2.1.3.3.1. fish, wild turkeys, fowl, waterfowl, Indian corn, venison
2.1.3.4. fresh water & flat lands to grow crops
2.1.4. Massachusetts Bay
2.1.4.1. not enough
2.2. Shelter
2.2.1. Roanoke
2.2.1.1. all houses and forts disappear
2.2.2. Jamestown
2.2.2.1. unstable shelter
2.2.3. Plymouth
2.2.3.1. initially none
2.2.3.2. found Indian shelters with no one
2.2.3.3. finally fit up dwellings
2.2.4. Massachusetts Bay
2.2.4.1. moved from coast to inland due to large population
2.2.4.2. villages developed
2.3. Struggle
2.3.1. Roanoke
2.3.1.1. deserted island and demolished forts
2.3.1.2. fierce storm preventing White exploring further, hurricane & flood in nearby island called Hatteras
2.3.1.3. drought & low rainfall
2.3.1.4. diseases like dysentery, cholera and burning fever
2.3.2. Jamestown
2.3.2.1. brackish and bacteria-contaminated water
2.3.2.2. drought
2.3.2.3. disease
2.3.2.4. awful winter, died a lot during first winter
2.3.2.5. finally succeed, but 80-90%died
2.3.3. Plymouth
2.3.3.1. plague, mostly small pox brought by Europeans, Indian fever(Squanto), and scurvy, Squanto’s tribe died from a plague
2.3.3.2. harsh winter, fierce storms, desolate wildness, thick forests, separation from other islands, snow, wild beasts
2.3.3.3. half of them died with 6-7 remained, less than the natives
2.3.4. Massachusetts Bay
2.3.4.1. 100 people died during the first harsh winter
2.3.4.2. disease
3. History
3.1. Roanoke
3.1.1. colony
3.1.1.1. all people, animals and homes disappeared when White returned, but bones and one European body left
3.1.2. colonists
3.1.2.1. relocated to another island called Croatoan
3.1.2.2. able to carve and draw map
3.1.2.3. built forts encircling with palisades to protect from Spanish
3.1.2.4. had general methods for communication with the natives
3.2. Jamestown
3.2.1. colony
3.2.1.1. (John Smith) made a law to force colonists to farm
3.2.1.2. have new controller and ruler from England
3.2.2. colonists
3.2.2.1. expect trouble by building forts
3.2.2.2. John White returned to England after his powder bag exploded
3.2.2.3. too confident, mostly merchants and young people for debts
3.2.2.4. do not labor, plant crops, fish
3.3. Plymouth
3.3.1. colony
3.3.1.1. women not allowed to sign on Mayflower Compact(democratic)
3.3.1.2. made a peace with natives lasting 24 years
3.3.2. colonists
3.3.2.1. exploration for the outside unknown land
3.3.2.2. awareness to hold weapons & build barricados to protect from wind, rain and wild people
3.3.2.3. hardworking, diligent, selfless, love, honor
3.3.2.4. finally energetic, healthy and rich
3.4. Messachusetts Bay
3.4.1. colony
3.4.1.1. a plan of government called the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
3.4.1.2. made regulation or laws
3.4.1.2.1. who disagreed with their government should leave the colony
3.4.1.2.2. having anything with devil will be punished, and trials were held
3.4.2. colonists
3.4.2.1. 1000 Puritans refugees from England under Gov. Thomas Dudley and John Winthrop
3.4.2.2. women were persecuted with being witches or devil, but women played an important role in various areas
4. People
4.1. Roanoke
4.1.1. Sir Richard Grenville
4.1.1.1. returned to England for supplies and went back
4.1.2. John White
4.1.2.1. leader of Roanoke, returned to England for supplies and went back
4.1.3. Sir Francis Drake
4.1.3.1. went back with colonists who could not wait for Grenville
4.1.4. Sir Ralph Lane
4.1.4.1. colony commander who angered the native people, made harsh policies to native people
4.2. Jamestown
4.2.1. first president
4.2.1.1. fired & greedy
4.2.2. new president
4.2.2.1. dislike, foolish, stupid, cowardly
4.2.3. John Smith
4.2.3.1. leader of the colony
4.2.3.2. thought himself hardworking, selfless
4.2.3.3. war hero & knight at 20
4.3. Plymouth
4.3.1. English
4.3.1.1. Mr.William Brewster & Myles Standish
4.3.1.1.1. helped colonists survive in the disaster
4.3.1.2. Samoset
4.3.1.2.1. chief among fishers from England
4.3.1.2.2. able to communicate with English and helped by providing information about this area
4.3.1.3. William Bradford
4.3.1.3.1. religious activist when young
4.3.1.3.2. inspired by Puritan
4.3.1.3.3. leader of Plymouth
4.3.1.3.4. made the Mayflower Compact
4.3.1.4. Thomas Hunt
4.3.1.4.1. sold native as slaves to Spain
4.3.2. Spanish
4.3.2.1. Friars
4.3.2.1.1. bought slaves and educate them in Christianity
4.3.3. native American
4.3.3.1. Squanto
4.3.3.1.1. from Patuxet tribe
4.3.3.1.2. learned English in London when being kidnapped by English, shipbuilder
4.3.3.1.3. interpreter(translator) between native and colonists, able to speak good English
4.3.3.1.4. bring colonists to unknown places like Sowams for profit till death
4.3.3.1.5. taught colonists fertilization like growing corn, local crops and best way of catching fish and hunting
4.3.3.2. Massaoit
4.3.3.2.1. great Sachem
4.4. Massachusetts Bay
4.4.1. King Charles 1
4.4.1.1. empowered a charter to the colony
4.4.2. John Winthrop
4.4.2.1. leader of the colony
4.4.2.2. poet who wrote sermons to inspire the colonists
4.4.2.2.1. worship of god
4.4.2.2.2. bond together to preach Christianity
5. Interaction
5.1. Roanoke
5.1.1. Spanish
5.1.1.1. warship & invasion
5.1.2. Native American
5.1.2.1. John Whites’ daughter married a native man called Ananias Dare
5.1.2.2. welcomed the settlers and helped them plant corn and fish using a weir
5.1.2.3. violent
5.1.2.4. under harsh policies by Lane, tense relationship
5.1.2.5. Meteo helped find refuge for the missing colonists
5.2. Jamestown
5.2.1. Spanish
5.2.1.1. warship
5.2.2. Native American
5.2.2.1. Powhatan feel scared
5.2.2.2. marriage formed, small villages live together
5.2.2.3. negotiation for food, but also clashes
5.3. Plymouth
5.3.1. brought Pilgrims food
5.3.2. particular natives helped the colonists to survive
5.3.3. (William Bradford created)strong alliance with native people
5.3.4. entertainment & exchange gifts & return tools stolen
5.3.5. Bradford sent Captain Myles Standish and 10 men to rescue Squanto’s capture
5.3.6. wild men & savage barbarians
5.3.7. natives attacked the colonists by their arrival
5.4. Massachusetts Bay
5.4.1. colonial militia killed many native people and destroyed their forts
5.4.2. had 100 years of contact and conflict