1. - Green chemistry: developing alternative sustainable technologies for the production and use of petrochemicals[^1^][1]
1.1. - Examples: biocatalysis, biomass conversion, carbon dioxide utilization, green solvents, ionic liquids, photocatalysis, etc.
1.2. - Phage therapy: using viruses that infect bacteria to treat bacterial infections caused by antibiotic-resistant superbugs[^2^][2]
1.2.1. - Relevance: petrochemicals are widely used in the manufacture of antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals
1.2.2. - Examples: phage cocktails, phage lysins, engineered phages, etc.
1.2.3. - CubeSat swarms: using miniaturized satellites to explore space and monitor Earth's environment[^2^][2]
1.2.3.1. - Relevance: petrochemicals are essential for the fabrication and operation of satellites and rockets
1.2.3.2. - Examples: asteroid interception, radiation mapping, Earth observation, etc.
1.2.3.3. - DNA-based catalysts: using synthetic DNA molecules to catalyze chemical reactions with high selectivity and efficiency[^3^][3]
1.2.3.3.1. - Relevance: petrochemicals are involved in many chemical reactions that require catalysts
1.2.3.3.2. - Examples: DNA-copper complexes, DNA-templated synthesis, DNAzymes, etc.