1. Chapter 4 - No Time for Childhood
1.1. FUNABEM
1.1.1. Where orphaned and abandoned children were housed
1.1.1.1. Children are severely mistreated
1.2. Street children
1.2.1. Girls in particular were extremely vulnerable to sexual assaults
1.2.1.1. Often became part of gangs as a means for survival or were forced into
1.3. Children of domestic workers
1.3.1. Since workers spend almost all of their time taking care of their employers home and children, there is no time left to take care of their own.
1.3.1.1. Older children take care of younger children in parents abscence
2. Chapter 5 - State Terror, Gangs and Everyday Violence
2.1. Violence
2.1.1. Favelas are urban shantytowns known for harboring criminals.
2.1.1.1. Usually controlled by drug traffickers
2.1.1.1.1. Violence and corruption are normalized in favelas
2.1.2. Gangs
2.1.2.1. Appealed to children as a means of protection and a way to possibly escape the lives they were currently living through financial gains
2.1.2.1.1. Also appealed to children, especially those that were abandoned, because it gave them a sense of belonging similar to that of being part of a family
2.1.2.2. Sometimes mediated with police to keep the peace, but would act out if someone in gang was killed
2.1.2.2.1. Able to do things that the police are not legally allowed to
2.1.2.3. Went through cycles of violence and calm depending on who was in charge of the gangs at the time
3. Chapter 6 - Partial Truths, or the Carnivalization of Desire
3.1. Sexuality
3.1.1. Marginalized impoverished populations through control and victimization
3.1.2. Sex as a consumption metaphor
3.1.2.1. Defined by whether you are active or passive, not by what you consume
3.1.2.2. Defined by whether you are one whom consumes, or one who is consumed
3.1.3. Sexual joking
3.1.3.1. Considered harmless
3.1.3.2. Demonstrates how important sexuality is in the culture
3.1.3.3. Something’s are said, but others are almost always left unsaid
3.1.3.4. In Felicidade Eterna, sexual teasing and banter are part of everyday life.
3.1.4. Sex-Positiveness
3.1.4.1. In Rio, defines social interactions
3.1.4.1.1. Emphasizes the underlying values of their society
3.1.4.1.2. Self-promoted images
3.1.5. Homosexuality
3.1.5.1. Different views of, based on class status
3.1.5.1.1. Upper-class – sexuality is viewed as a choice of sexual partner
3.1.5.1.2. Lower-class – Social and sexual roles are divided
3.1.6. Machisimo
3.1.6.1. Viewed as unhealthy if a man abstains from sex for too long in working-class
3.1.6.1.1. Cariocas, even elderly, are openly expressive about their sexual desires
3.1.6.2. Double standards
3.1.6.2.1. Considered normal, animalistic behavior for men to fulfill sexual desires
3.1.6.2.2. Women are expected to remain virgins for as long as possible, if for nothing else so that they don’t get pregnant and add another mouth to feed in the family.
3.1.7. Sacanagem is an important concept to Brazilian sexuality
3.1.7.1. Viewed as either pleasurable, painful or humiliating
3.1.7.2. “Boys are sometimes initiated into anal eroticism with other boys through same-sex games such as fazendo meia or troca-troca” (Goldstein, p. 247)
3.1.7.2.1. Older boys gain sense of masculine sexual identity
3.1.7.2.2. Younger boys are feminized and violated by older boys
4. Chapter 7 - What's So Funny About Rape?
4.1. The humor in rape
4.1.1. Combination of sexuality and violence
4.1.1.1. Rape causes an equally violent reaction
4.1.1.1.1. Rape of a child in shantytowns is cause for murder
4.1.2. Ironic because women view men as protectors
4.1.3. Humor used to when presenting stories of rape to be able to laugh at the hopeless situations of many women
4.1.3.1. Downplays the trauma with humor
4.1.4. Only understood in certain contexts given ones class, gender, race and sexuality
4.1.4.1. Class differences play a part in the difficulty of adjudication in rape cases.
4.1.4.1.1. Rapes aren’t always reported, especially in lower-classes
4.2. The Rape Story
4.2.1. Gloria’s daughter, Anita, and niece, Claudia, were raped in the home when she and the other children were in the room next door
4.2.1.1. Claudia was a virgin and screamed extensively during the rape
4.2.1.2. Anita was not a virgin at the time of the rape, because Claudia was screaming so much so did she so that her mother would believe that she was not sexually active.
4.2.1.2.1. Became pregnant after the rape, but was actually from her boyfriend, Gabriel
5. Chapter 2 - The Aesthetics of Domination
5.1. Domestic Work
5.1.1. ▪ Domestic workers usually only receive one minimum wage per month which is not even enough to survive off of
5.1.2. One of the lowest paying jobs
5.1.2.1. Workers often only receive one minimal wage per month
5.1.2.1.1. Afro-Brazilian women with dark colored skin are not desired, but it's one of the only types of work they can find.
5.1.3. ▪ Workers are considered to be uneducated because they have limited vocabularies and are unable to communicate well or unable to tell stories
5.2. Upper class is defined by the ability to pay someone else to do their manual labor
5.2.1. The more workers someone employs, the more prestige they have.
5.2.1.1. It is a requirement of the upper and middle-class to have many different types of workers in order to establish social prestige and class standing.
5.2.1.1.1. Through this employment, the working class become involved in the lives of the elite in society
6. Chapter 3 - Color-Blind Erotic Democracies
6.1. Race defined by appearance
6.1.1. Dark- skinned people are looked as dirty and unattractive because these traits are seen as representing slavery and therefore are less valued
6.1.1.1. Coroas - Wealthy, older white or light skinned men
6.1.1.1.1. Coroas are seen as a way for women to move upward in social status so often they use these Coroas for their money and power
6.1.2. Light-skinned women are viewed as having a better opportunity to find work and are more accepted
6.1.3. Mulatas are mixed race people