Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

1. secretion of aldosterone causes sodium and water retention

2. vasoconstriction causes increase blood pressure

3. stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone

4. with the help of angiotensin converting enzyme from the lungs

5. Renin from juxtaglomerular cells stimulates angiotensinogen from the liver to convert to angiotensin I

6. decrease renal perfusion

7. juxtaglomerular cells secrete renin due to low perfusion of the kidneys

8. increases preload

9. increase afterload

10. decrease blood flow

11. signs/symptoms of heart failure

11.1. jugular venous distention

11.2. hepatic jugular reflex

11.3. ascites

11.4. crackles

11.5. edema

11.6. dizziness, mental confusion, fatigue, shortness of breath

11.7. lesser known symptoms

11.8. pallor

11.9. signs of decreased cardiac output