1. Spondyloarthropathy
1.1. Behcet's syndrome
1.2. Reiter's syndrome
1.2.1. Treated with DMARDs
1.3. Toxicity/drug side effects
1.3.1. Dopamine, cantharidin & others
2. Stones/Calculi
2.1. Assoc. with metabolic disorders
2.2. & infection
2.3. Treated via:
2.3.1. Hydration
2.3.2. Pain Management
2.3.3. Antibiotics
2.3.4. Correction of metabolic derangement
2.3.5. Lithotripsy
2.3.6. ESWL
3. Malignancy
3.1. Renal cell tumour
3.1.1. Treated with surgery;
3.1.2. chemo
3.2. Bladder cancer
3.2.1. Assoc. with
3.2.1.1. smoking
3.2.1.2. aniline dye exposure
3.2.1.3. Benzidine
4. Infection
4.1. Pyelonephritis
4.1.1. caused by Coliform organisms (E.Coli)
4.1.1.1. ALL Treated with Quinolones;
4.1.1.2. Doxicyclines
4.1.1.3. Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
4.2. Prostatitis
4.3. Epididymo-orchitis
4.4. Cystitis
4.5. Urethritis
4.5.1. Caused by Neiserria Gonorrhoea, Chlamydia Trachomatis
4.5.1.1. treated with Ceftriaxone & Doxicycline;
4.5.1.2. Macrolides
4.5.1.3. Quinolones
4.6. Meatitis & Urethritis
4.6.1. caused by Herpes Simplex II virus
4.6.1.1. treated by Aciclovir, Famciclovir etc
5. Obstruction
5.1. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
5.1.1. Assoc. with age & High Androgens
5.1.1.1. Alpha blockers
5.1.1.2. Finasteride
5.1.1.3. Surgery
5.1.1.3.1. TURP
5.2. Urethral Stricture
5.2.1. Assoc. with previous surgery
5.2.1.1. Surgery
5.3. Phimosis
5.3.1. Surgery