Chapter 3: The History of Education

1. Democratic Liberal Interpretation

1.1. * Involves progressive evolution - school of providing equal opportunity for all.

1.1.1. * Viewed as an optimistic educational history

1.1.1.1. * Must move closer to equality and excellence without sacrificing one or the other.

1.2. Lawrence Cremin

1.2.1. * Supporter of this view: Portrays 2 processes: Popularization and Multidunousness

1.2.1.1. * Involves both expansion of opportunity an purpose: diverse students went to school longer, goals became more diverse and social goals took precedence over intellectual goals.

2. Age Reform: Rise of Common School

2.1. Led by Horace Mann

2.1.1. * Lobbied for free public education

2.1.1.1. * First "Normal" school was established in Lexington, Massachusettes, in 1839.

2.2. Oppositions

2.2.1. *Taxing was considered "unjust" by those nonrecepients

2.2.2. * Viewed as dominated by Protestants