Utilitarianism

1. Act and Rule Utilitarianism

1.1. Rule-utilitarianism

1.1.1. The principle of utility is used to determine the validity of rules of conduct (moral principles)

1.2. Act-utilitarianism

1.2.1. The principle of utility is applied directly to each alternative act in a situation of choice.

2. เว็บโง่ๆหน้าหีหน้าเงิน

3. John Stuart Mill adjusted the more hedonistic tendencies in Bentham’s， entham's philosophy by emphasizing

3.1. (1) It is not the quantity of pleasure, but the quality of happiness that is central to utilitarianism

3.2. (2) the calculus is unreasonable -- qualities cannot be quantified (there is a distinction between 'higher' and 'lower' pleasures)

3.3. (3) utilitarianism refers to "the Greatest Happiness Principle"

4. (4) asserts that pleasure and pain are capable of quantification

5. Meaning

5.1. (consequences) of choosing one action/policy over other actions/policies.

6. Bentham

6.1. Bentham's Principle of Utility

6.1.1. (1) Recognizes the fundamental role of pain and pleasure in human life

6.1.2. (2) approves or disapproves of an action on the basis of the amount of pain or pleasure brought about i.e, consequences

6.1.3. (3) equates good with pleasure and evil with pain

6.2. measuring pleasure and pain

6.2.1. INTENSITY, DURATION, CERTAINTY