The Contention/Ideas of the Different Philosophers

1. SOCRATES

1.1. I know that I Don’t know

1.2. The real self is not your body but the state of your inner being (soul/self) which determine the quality of life

1.3. The goal of life is to be happy,one becomes happy if he/she is virtuous

2. PLATO

2.1. Balance between mind and body

2.2. “Good Actions give strength to ourselves and inspire good action in others”

2.3. Physical world is not the “real” world because the ultimate reality exist beyond physical world.

3. St.Agustine

3.1. All knowledge leads to God

3.2. A Christian perspective asserted that these forms were concepts existing within the perfect eternal God,where the soul belonged.The soul held the thruth and capable of scientific thinking

3.3. He believed that himan beingwas both a soul and a body;the body possessed senses,such as imagination,memory,readon and mind through which the soul experienced the world.

4. Rene Descartes

4.1. “I think,therefore I am”

4.2. He asserted that not everything perveived by senses could be fooled

4.3. He believes that the soul/self is concious,thinking,substance that is affected by time but the body is a material substance that changes through time.

5. John Locke

5.1. “Human mind at birth is a tabula rada which means that knowledge is detived frim expetience

5.2. Self as thinking thing that included the memories.He identified self with consciousness,the self consists the dameness of consciousness.

5.3. Self is consistsof memory;that the person existing now is the same person yesterday because he/she remembers the previous thoughts,experiences and actions.

6. David Hume

6.1. “All knowledge is derived from human senses”

6.2. Rationalism is the theory that reason,rather that experience is the foundation of all knowledge.

6.3. “Self” as a bundle or collection of different perceptions that are moving in every fast and successive manner.

7. Immanuel Kant

7.1. “Reason is the final authority of morality.Morality is achieved only when there is absence of war because of the result of enlightenment.

7.2. Self is trancendental,which means the “self” is related to a spiritual or non-physical realm.

7.3. Self is not the body,it is outside the body.there are two components of the self which are the inner self and outer self

8. Gilbert Ryle

8.1. “I act,therefore I am”

8.2. He wrote the concept of mind.He opposite the theory of Descartes into the following parts:

8.3. >The relation between mind and body is not an isolated process. >Mental process are intelligent acts,and are not distinct from each other. >The operation of the mind is itself an intelligent act.

8.4. He believed that the concept of fistinct “self” is not real for he asserted that the self is from our behaviors and action.

9. Paul Churchland

9.1. “The physical brain and not the imaginary mind us our sense of self”

9.2. He believed all something that can be seen,felt,heard,touched or tasted,then it exists.

9.3. Self is originated from the brain utself,and that this self is a product of electrochemical signals produced by the brain.

10. Maurice Merleau

10.1. “Physical body is an important part of the self”

10.2. “Self” is an embodied subjectivity.The term embodied means to give body while subjectivity is philosophy,is the state of being a subject-an entity that possesses conscious experiences,such as perspective,feelings,beliefs, and desires.

10.3. The body is not a mere “house” where mind resides,rather it is through the lived experience of the body you percieved,are informed and interact with the world.