1. Development of rapid diagnostics
1.1. Progress in microbiologic detection
1.2. Identification of infectious pathogens
1.3. Decrease exposure to antibiotics
2. Development of novel antibiotics
2.1. Challenges
2.1.1. Saturated market
2.1.2. Generics
3. Politics and healthcare
3.1. Regulatory policies influences
3.1.1. Antimicrobial drugs
3.1.2. Infection control practices
3.1.3. Technologic development
3.1.4. Drug discovery
3.2. National and global efforts for new solutions
3.2.1. "Push" incentives
3.2.1.1. Public-private partnerships
3.2.2. "Pull" incentives
3.2.2.1. Reimbursement reform
3.2.2.2. Market exclusivity
3.2.3. Hybrid models
3.3. Regulatory bottle-necks
3.3.1. Drug discovery
3.3.2. Diagnostic tool development
4. Cultural and social-economic context
4.1. Availability
4.2. Healthcare funding
4.3. Reimbursement systems
4.4. Availability
4.5. Population characteristics
4.5.1. Infection rates
4.5.2. Consumer attitudes
4.5.3. Global migration patterns
5. Appropriate use of antibiotics
5.1. Patient knowledge and behaviour
5.1.1. Education
5.1.2. Changed or stropped chosen treatment
5.2. Decision of treatment
5.2.1. Right drug
5.2.2. Right dosage
5.2.3. Drug of first choice
5.2.4. Correct indication
6. Effective improvement programmes in healthcare
6.1. Organization of care (hospitals)
6.1.1. Collaboration and cooperation between professionals
6.1.2. Standardization of protocol
6.1.3. Transfer of information
6.1.4. Monitoring mechanisms of antibiotic use and prescriptions
6.2. Physician's prescribing practive
6.2.1. Computer-assisted decision taking
6.2.2. Delayed prescription
6.2.3. Change in prescription patterns
6.2.4. Training