1. Issue
1.1. The element of spirit is excluded even though the word 'psyche' itself includes spirit by western psychologists.
1.1.1. Reasons
1.1.1.1. Psychologists tend to look for something can be observed such as behaviour of a living person.
1.1.1.1.1. Emotion
1.1.1.1.2. Mind
1.1.1.2. Most of the psychologists do not believe and try to avoid of something that cannot be perceived by their own human senses.
1.1.1.2.1. Psychologists prefer empirical method to study by conducting experiments through senses.
1.1.1.2.2. Since spirit is something that cannot be perceived by humans, psychologists believe that spirit does not exist.
1.1.2. Causes
1.1.2.1. Most of the people hold onto this believe tend to not believe the concept of God, ghosts and spirits.
2. Definition
2.1. Languages
2.1.1. Bahasa Melayu
2.1.1.1. Psychology can be defined as "ilmu jiwa" which is knowledge of soul.
2.1.2. Greek
2.1.2.1. Logos
2.1.2.1.1. The study of a subject.
2.1.2.2. Psyche
2.1.2.2.1. human soul
2.1.2.2.2. mind
2.1.2.2.3. spirit
2.1.2.2.4. essential of being
2.1.3. Arabic
2.1.3.1. 'psyche' is defined as 'roh' which includes spirit or soul.
2.2. Study of human mind and behaviour according to modern psychologists.
2.2.1. Focus on behaviour and related mental and physiological processes.
2.2.1.1. Behaviour is any overt (observable) response or activity of an organism.
2.2.1.1.1. For example, criminals have behavioral problems such as killing because they might have faced multiple problems in teenager phase and childhood.
2.2.1.2. Psychologists prefer to study animals because they have more control on factors that influence animal's behaviour.
2.2.1.3. Psychologists believe that animal behaviour is as almost the same as human behaviour.
2.2.1.3.1. Human and animals eat when hungry to survive for example.
2.2.2. Interested in mental processes
2.2.2.1. Thinking and feeling
2.2.2.1.1. Cannot be directly observed.
2.2.2.1.2. Exert critical influence over human behaviour.