1. What is composites
1.1. materials that consist of two or more chemically and physically different phases separated by a distinct interface.
1.2. separate constituents act together
1.2.1. to give the necessary mechanical strength
1.2.2. to give stiffness to the composite part.
1.3. It composed of two or more distinct phases and having bulk properties significantly different from those of any of the constituents.
1.3.1. Matrix phase
1.3.1.1. the primary phase having a continuous character.
1.3.1.2. more ductile and less hard phase.
1.3.1.3. holds the dispersed phase and shares a load with it.
1.3.1.4. Fx
1.3.1.4.1. To protect the reinforcements from adverse environmental effects
1.3.1.4.2. To give shape, surface appearance and environmental tolerance
1.3.1.4.3. To integrally bind the reinforcement together so as to effectively introduce external loads to the reinforcements
1.3.2. Dispersed (reinforcing) phase
1.3.2.1. embedded in the matrix in a discontinuous form.
1.3.2.2. stronger than the matrix
1.3.2.3. Fx : to reinforced the composites in many ways.
1.3.2.3.1. (Metal) MMC: increased yield stress, tensile strength, creep resistance
1.3.2.3.2. (Ceramic) CMC: increase fracture toughness
1.3.2.3.3. (polymer) PMC: increase modulus, yield stress, tensile strength and creep resistance
2. Advantages
2.1. very light in weight
2.2. ratios of strength‑to‑weight and stiffness‑to‑weight greater than steel or aluminum
2.3. better fatigue properties
2.4. greater toughness
2.5. do not corrode like steel when design
3. Disadvantages
3.1. Composite materials are generally expensive
3.2. Manufacturing methods for shaping composite materials are often slow and costly
4. CLASSIFICATION OF COMPOSITES
4.1. Polymer Matrix Composite ( PMC )
4.1.1. very popular due to its low cost and simple fabrication methods.
4.1.2. Use of non reinforced polymers as structure materials is limited by its mechanical properties.
4.2. Reinforcement (fibre/ filler)
4.2.1. Natural
4.2.1.1. animal
4.2.1.1.1. silk/wool/hair
4.2.1.2. mineral
4.2.1.2.1. asbestos
4.2.1.3. cellulose/ lignocellulose
4.2.1.3.1. fruit/ wood / leaf / seed / reeds/ grass
4.2.2. Synthetic
4.2.2.1. organic
4.2.2.1.1. kevlar / polyethyelene / aromatic polyester
4.2.2.2. inorganic
4.2.2.2.1. glass / carbon / boron / silicacarbide
4.2.2.2.2. glass / carbon / boron / silica