1. Language
1.1. "Humans are born with the ability to learn language— not a particular language, but whatever one they are exposed to as they grow up (Guest 112).
1.1.1. Children have the innate ability to learn languages that they are exposed to at an early age.
1.2. Components of Language
1.2.1. phonemes
1.2.2. morphemes
1.2.3. syntax
1.2.4. grammar
1.3. Linguist
1.3.1. Noam Chomsky
1.3.2. Edward Sapir
1.3.3. Benjamin Lee Whorf
2. Ethnicity and Nationalism
2.1. "Ethnicity is one of the most powerful identities that humans develop: it is a sense of connection to a group of people who we believe share a common history, culture, and (sometimes) ancestry and who are distinct from others outside the group (Guest 240)."
2.1.1. Ethnicity is often associated with minority (cultural, racial, religious) groups that are different from the majority. It helps create a sense of community and belonging.
2.2. Identity Entrepreneurs & Ethnic Cleansing
2.2.1. Rwandan Genocide
2.2.2. Bosnian War
2.2.3. Sectarian violence in Iraq/Rise of ISIS
2.3. Components of Ethnicity
2.3.1. Ancestry
2.3.2. Religion
2.3.3. Hometown
2.3.4. Language
2.3.5. Shared history
2.3.6. Citizenship
2.3.7. Sports
2.3.8. Culture
3. Gender
3.1. Cultural Construction of Gender
3.1.1. Clothes
3.1.2. Toys
3.1.3. Colors
3.1.4. Jewelry
3.1.5. Haircut
3.1.6. Names
3.1.7. Tone of Voice of Parents
3.2. Unnecessarily gendered products
3.2.1. Beverages
3.2.2. Soap Fragrances
3.2.3. Crayon Box Colors
3.2.4. Accessories for Dolls
3.2.5. Hygene Products
3.3. Pointlessly Gendered Products
3.3.1. Clothes
3.3.2. Cosmetics
3.3.3. Exercise Machines
3.3.4. Hair
3.3.5. Bodies
3.3.6. Speech
3.4. "Gender is the culturally constructed set of ideas about how women and men should behave, think, and feel (Guest 281)."
3.4.1. Similar to the idea of race, gender is a social construct. We should not accept these to be truths but challenge them.
4. Sexuality
4.1. Influential Researchers in Sexuality
4.1.1. Margaret Mead
4.1.2. Bronislaw Malinowski
4.1.3. Jared Diamond
4.1.4. Helen Fisher
4.1.5. Gloria Wekker
4.1.6. Roger Lancaster
4.1.7. Michel Foucault
4.2. Various Sexualities
4.2.1. Heterosexuality
4.2.2. Bisexuality
4.2.3. Asexuality
4.2.4. Homosexualityy
4.3. "Weddings are also key cultural institutions through which we learn what it means to be heterosexual (Guest 326)."
4.3.1. Brides are made, not born. Same as how gender is culturally made. Ideas are fluid and should not be concrete.
5. Religion
5.1. “The opiate of the masses (Guest 583).”
5.1.1. "Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people (Marx 1843)."
5.1.1.1. Marx believed religion was invented as a result of the conditions of the world. The demand to give up the illusion is the demand to give up the conditions that requires the illusion.
5.2. Types of Magic
5.2.1. Imitative Magic
5.2.2. Contagious Magic
5.2.3. Baseball Magic
5.3. Religious Terms
5.3.1. Martry
5.3.2. Saint
5.3.3. Sacred
5.3.4. Profane
5.3.5. Ritual
5.3.6. Pilgrimage
6. Anthropology in a Global Age
6.1. “We don’t have the luxury to only think about our own lives anymore. Our atmospheres are connected. Our seas are connected. Everything is. Today we need to step back and see the Earth through a wider lens (Guest 37)."
6.1.1. The invention of the internet, smart phones, international travel, the industrialization, and the process of globalization has made the world feel like a smaller place.
6.2. Methods to Study Anthropolgy
6.2.1. Paleoanthropology
6.2.2. Physical anthropology
6.2.3. Prehistoric archaeology
6.2.4. Archaeology
6.2.5. Linguistic anthropology
7. Culture
7.1. A culture is a way of life of a group of people, their behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept, and that are passed along by communication and imitation from one generation to the next.
7.2. Development of Culture Concepts in Anthropology
7.2.1. Edward Burnett Tylor
7.2.2. James Frazer
7.2.3. Lewis Henry Morgan
7.3. "Power in a culture reflects stratification— uneven distribution of resources and privileges— among participants that often persists over generations. Some people are drawn into the center of the culture. Others are ignored, marginalized, or even annihilated (Guest 48)
7.3.1. Power is arranged in layers of sex, race, socioeconomic status, age, religion, and sexuality. These conditions are passed on to the next generation and fluctuates.
8. Global Economy
8.1. Types of Countries
8.1.1. Core Countries
8.1.2. Periphery Countries
8.1.3. Semiperiphery Countries
8.2. Industrial Revolution 1760 – 1840
8.3. Schools of Thought on Capitalism, Economic Liberalism, and the Free Market
8.3.1. Adam Smith
8.3.2. John Maynard Keynes
8.4. "Capitalism would work best when the government had a role in moderating the excesses of capitalism and ensuring the basic welfare of all citizens (Guest 465)."
8.4.1. Keynesian economic philosophy has declined in the recent decades which I believe is part of the reason for the widening gap from rich to poor.
9. Class and Inequality
9.1. Influential Theorists
9.1.1. Karl Marx
9.1.2. Max Weber
9.1.3. Pierre Bourdieu
9.2. Types of Capital
9.2.1. Culture Capital
9.2.2. Economic Capital
9.2.3. Social Capital
9.3. "The working class— the proletariat— is divided, with conflicts along lines of race, gender, and ethnicity (Guest 394)."
9.3.1. Guest continues to summarize Marx's views on class, labor, power, and inequalities among the proletariat and bourgeoisie.
10. Race and Racism
10.1. The One Drop Rule
10.2. Types of Racism
10.2.1. Individual racism
10.2.1.1. Microaggressions
10.2.2. Racial ideology
10.2.2.1. Shaped and reinforced in the school system, religious institutions, government, and the media
10.2.3. Institutional racism
10.2.3.1. Education, health, housing, employment, the legal system (legislatures, courts, and prison systems), law enforcement, and the media.
10.3. "A color- blind ideology, Bonilla- Silva suggests, may actually perpetuate racial inequality by obscuring the historical effects of racism, the continuing legacy of racial discrimination, and the entrenched patterns of institutional behavior that undergird racism today (Guest 225)."
10.3.1. Bonilla-Silva critiques modern day culture of ignoring the color of our skin and opting for a colorblindness stance.
11. Politics and Power
11.1. Types of Power
11.1.1. Political power
11.1.1.1. The processes by which people create, compete, and use power to attain goals that are presumed to be for the good of a community.
11.1.2. Structural power
11.1.2.1. Power that not only operates within settings, but that also organizes those and orchestrates the settings in which social and individual actions take place
11.2. Influential Political Philosophers
11.2.1. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)
11.2.2. John Locke (1632-1704)
11.3. "Research has shown time and again that military solutions, military responses are not effective ways to solve international problems (Guest 563)."
11.3.1. Studies have shown that investing in education, health care, and infrastructure creates many more jobs than spending the same amount of money on the military.
12. Ethnicity and Nationalism
12.1. Rwandan genocide
12.1.1. Hutu
12.1.2. Tutsi
12.2. Components of Ethnicity
12.2.1. Origin myth
12.2.2. History
12.2.3. Culture
12.2.4. Ancestry
12.3. “Ethnicity seems to be flourishing— rising in prominence in both local and global affairs (Guest 240-241).”
12.3.1. With globalization making the world seem smaller by connecting the human race on a massive scale, you would think ethnicity would decrease, but it’s on the rise.