The Four Dimensions of Structuring

1. OPENING

1.1. CAN BE USED TO: - show the aims of the lessons - establish an appropriate set - allow tunning in - reduce disruption of the class

1.2. SHORT REVIEW (opportunity to learn previously taught maretial)

1.2.1. CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED BY: proposing questions, quizzes, review in groups, summary, Sts prepare questions about previous lessons to each other

2. SEQUENCING

2.1. SITUATIONAL LANGUAGE TEACHING: * presentation * controlled practice * free practice * checking * further practice

2.2. COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING: * pre-communicative activities (presentation of structures, functions, and vocabulary) * communicative activities (fluency-based information exchange)

2.3. PROCESS APPROACH: * pre-writing activities *draft writing activities * revising actitivities

2.3.1. READING LESSON: * pre-reading (introducing the text) *while-reading (to complete as they read) *post-reading (personal responses/ global understanding)

2.4. HANDLING TRANSITIONS

3. PACING

3.1. STRATEGIES: * avoiding needless over the energy explanations * variety of activities * appropriate level of activities * setting goal and time limit * monitoring sts performances

3.1.1. important skill to avoid dragging a class

4. CLOUSURE

4.1. STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE CLOUSURE: * summarizing * reviewing * relating to real-world needs * pointing out links to previous or future lessons * praising students for their accomplishments