Modal/ Semi-modal
Door Novoa Cueva Emily Jhuliana
1. Don't have to/ didn't have to
1.1. Lack of obligation
2. We use modal verbs to modify the meaning of the main verb.
2.1. Can/could
2.1.1. Ability, permission, request, advice
2.2. Will/Shall
2.2.1. Future/ willingness/ promises and offers/ conditional sentences
2.3. May / might / could
2.3.1. Possibility/ permission
2.4. Would / would have
2.4.1. Requests/ past of will/ conditional sentences/ habits
2.5. Must / Mustn't
2.5.1. Rules/ obligation
2.6. Should /Shouldn't
2.6.1. Recommendation/ advice
2.7. Should have / Shouldn't have
2.7.1. Regret/ criticism
2.8. Needn't (Needn't have
2.8.1. Lack of obligation
2.9. May be / Might be / Must be / Can't + be / + be -ing form
2.9.1. Speculation about the present
2.10. May have / Might have / must have / can't have + past participle / + been -ing form
2.10.1. Speculation about past
2.11. Could have / Couldn't have
2.11.1. Possibility in the past/ critisism
2.12. Will have
2.12.1. Future completion
3. Semi-modal verbs have some of the characteristics of modals, but not all.
3.1. Have to/ had to/ have got to
3.1.1. Rules/ obligation
3.2. Ought to
3.2.1. Obligation/ advise
3.3. Need to
3.3.1. Necessity/ instructions/ guidance
3.4. Don't need to/ didn't need to
3.4.1. Lack of obligation
3.5. Would like/ would like to
3.5.1. Offers/ invitations/preferences
3.6. Be able to
3.6.1. Ability/ infinitive of can